Olive Leaf

GUIDE

TO THE SCRIPTURES

© 2001 – 2005 Intellectual Reserve, Inc., All rights reserved.

Introduction

Alphabetical Listing of Topics

Triple Combination Index

Topical Guide

Bible Dictionary

Selections from the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible

Maps (text only)

Photographs (text only)

INTRODUCTION

The Guide to the Scriptures defines selected doctrines, principles, people, and places found in the Holy Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price. It also provides key scriptural references for you to study for each topic. The Guide can help you in your individual and family study of the scriptures. It can help you answer questions about the gospel, study topics in the scriptures, prepare talks and lessons, and increase your knowledge and testimony of the gospel.

The Guide has four sections: (1) an alphabetical listing of topics, (2) selections from the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible (JST), (3) maps, with an index of place-names, and (4) photographs of scriptural sites.

1. The alphabetical listing of topics. This section gives a short definition of each topic and lists the most significant scriptural references about that topic. Each reference is preceded by a short quotation or summary of the scripture. The scriptural references appear in the following order: Old Testament, New Testament, Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of Great Price.

2. Selections from the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible. In 1830, the Lord instructed the Prophet Joseph Smith to begin work on a revision or translation of the King James Version of the Bible. The Prophet's purpose was to restore some of the plain and precious truths that had been lost from the original texts of the Bible. He completed most of the work by July 1833. However, until his death in 1844, he continued to make modifications while preparing the manuscript for printing. Although the entire volume was not completed, nor has it been officially adopted by the Church, the Joseph Smith Translation contains many insights into the meanings of scriptures and is a valuable aid to understanding the Bible. Some of the more important revisions are included in the Guide to the Scriptures. (For more information, see the topic "Joseph Smith Translation" in the alphabetical listing of topics.)

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses as its official English translation the King James Version of the Bible. It played a key role in the restoration of the gospel and continues to have a significant influence in all nations and among kindreds, tongues, and peoples.

3. Maps with an index of place-names. The maps include only the more important geographical locations that appear in the scriptures. By knowing the geography of the lands discussed in the scriptures, you can better understand scriptural events. The Guide includes eight maps of Bible lands and four maps of areas important in the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. To find a location, turn to the index. The index will refer you to the appropriate map and the location's coordinates on that map.

4. Photographs of scriptural sites. These thirty-two photographs of important scriptural sites can introduce you to lands where Jesus walked, where his prophets lived and taught, and where many scriptural events took place. The photographs are accompanied by short descriptions of both the photographs themselves and the most important scriptural events that took place in the area. These can help you discover the close relationship between the scriptures and the lands where they came into being.

To further help you in your scripture study, the Guide contains several other helpful features. For example, if you turn to the entry "Jesus Christ" in the alphabetical listing, you will find a comprehensive list of every topic in the Guide that provides information relating directly to the Savior and his ministry. This is the only topic in the Guide with such an extensive list, which emphasizes the importance of Christ to all mankind. In addition, under the topic "Chronology," some of the most important events in biblical and Book of Mormon times are listed, along with approximate dates. The topic "Gospels" includes a harmony of the Gospels. This harmony compares the teachings of the Savior as found in Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, and latter-day revelation.

The following abbreviations for books of scripture are used in the Guide:

Old Testament

Genesis Gen.

Exodus Ex.

Leviticus Lev.

Numbers Num.

Deuteronomy Deut.

Joshua Josh.

Judges Judg.

Ruth Ruth

1 Samuel 1 Sam.

2 Samuel 2 Sam.

1 Kings 1 Kgs.

2 Kings 2 Kgs.

1 Chronicles 1 Chr.

2 Chronicles 2 Chr.

Ezra Ezra

Nehemiah Neh.

Esther Esth.

Job Job

Psalms Ps.

Proverbs Prov.

Ecclesiastes Eccl.

Song of Solomon Song

Isaiah Isa.

Jeremiah Jer.

Lamentations Lam.

Ezekiel Ezek.

Daniel Dan.

Hosea Hosea

Joel Joel

Amos Amos

Obadiah Obad.

Jonah Jonah

Micah Micah

Nahum Nahum

Habakkuk Hab.

Zephaniah Zeph.

Haggai Hag.

Zechariah Zech.

Malachi Mal.

New Testament

Matthew Matt.

Mark Mark

Luke Luke

John John

Acts of the Apostles Acts

Romans Rom.

1 Corinthians 1 Cor.

2 Corinthians 2 Cor.

Galatians Gal.

Ephesians Eph.

Philippians Philip.

Colossians Col.

1 Thessalonians 1 Thes.

2 Thessalonians 2 Thes.

1 Timothy 1 Tim.

2 Timothy 2 Tim.

Titus Titus

Philemon Philem.

Hebrews Heb.

James James

1 Peter 1 Pet.

2 Peter 2 Pet.

1 John 1 Jn.

2 John 2 Jn.

3 John 3 Jn.

Jude Jude

Revelation Rev.

Book of Mormon

1 Nephi 1 Ne.

2 Nephi 2 Ne.

Jacob Jacob

Enos Enos

Jarom Jarom

Omni Omni

Words of Mormon W of M

Mosiah Mosiah

Alma Alma

Helaman Hel.

3 Nephi 3 Ne.

4 Nephi 4 Ne.

Mormon Morm.

Ether Ether

Moroni Moro.

Doctrine and Covenants D&C

Official Declaration–1 OD-1

Official Declaration–2 OD-2

Pearl of Great Price

Moses Moses

Abraham Abr.

Joseph Smith–Matthew JS-M

Joseph Smith–History JS-H

The Articles of Faith A of F

Joseph Smith Translation JST

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF TOPICS

How to Use A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

How to Use. The Guide to the Scriptures is an alphabetical listing of gospel topics. It gives a short definition of each topic and provides the most significant scriptural references about that topic. Each reference is preceded by a short quotation or summary of the scripture. The scriptural references appear in the following order: Old Testament, New Testament, Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of Great Price. The following diagram explains a sample entry:

A

AARON, BROTHER OF MOSES. See also Aaronic Priesthood; Moses

In the Old Testament, a son of Amram and Jochebed, of the tribe of Levi (Ex. 6:16–20); the elder brother of Moses (Ex. 7:7).

Was appointed by the Lord to assist Moses in bringing the children of Israel out of Egypt and to be his spokesman, Ex. 4:10–16, 27–31; 5:1—12:51. On Mount Sinai, Moses received directions about the appointment of Aaron and his four sons to the Aaronic Priesthood, Ex. 28:1–4. Made a golden calf at the people's request, Ex. 32:1–6, 21, 24, 35. Died on Mount Hor at the age of 123, Num. 20:22–29 (Num. 33:38–39). The Lord confirmed a priesthood also upon Aaron and his seed, D&C 84:18, 26–27, 30. Those who magnify priesthood callings become the sons of Moses and of Aaron, D&C 84:33–34. The Lord will justify the righteous actions of those called of the Father as was Aaron, D&C 132:59.

AARON, SON OF MOSIAH. See also Mosiah, Son of Benjamin; Mosiah, Sons of

In the Book of Mormon, a son of King Mosiah. Aaron served as a missionary whose diligent efforts helped to convert many souls to Christ.

Was an unbeliever who sought to destroy the Church, Mosiah 27:8–10, 34. An angel appeared to him and his companions, Mosiah 27:11. Repented and began preaching the word of God, Mosiah 27:32—28:8. Refused to be named king and went instead to the land of the Lamanites to preach the word of God, Alma 17:6–9. Fasted and prayed for guidance, Alma 17:8–11. Taught King Lamoni's father, Alma 22:1–26. Went to preach to the Zoramites, Alma 31:6–7.

AARONIC PRIESTHOOD. See also Aaron, Brother of Moses; Law of Moses; Priesthood

The lesser priesthood (Heb. 7:11–12; D&C 107:13–14). Its offices are bishop, priest, teacher, and deacon (D&C 84:30; 107:10, 14–15, 87–88). Anciently, under the law of Moses, there were high priests, priests, and Levites. The Aaronic Priesthood was revealed to Moses because the ancient Israelites rebelled against God. They refused to be sanctified and receive the Melchizedek Priesthood and its ordinances (D&C 84:23–25). The Aaronic Priesthood deals with the temporal and outward ordinances of the law and the gospel (1 Chr. 23:27–32; D&C 84:26–27; 107:20). It holds the keys of the ministering of angels, of the gospel of repentance, and of baptism (D&C 13). The Aaronic Priesthood was restored to the earth in this dispensation on 15 May 1829. John the Baptist conferred it on Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery on the banks of the Susquehanna River, near Harmony, Pennsylvania (D&C 13; JS-H 1:68–73).

And he shall have the covenant of an everlasting priesthood, Num. 25:13. The Lord shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them, Mal. 3:3 (3 Ne. 24:3). No man taketh this honor unto himself, Heb. 5:4. Perfection does not come by the Levitical Priesthood, Heb. 7:11. This priesthood shall never be taken from the earth until the sons of Levi do offer an offering, D&C 13:1. Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery were ordained unto the Aaronic Priesthood, D&C 27:8. The lesser priesthood holds the key of the ministering of angels, D&C 84:26 (D&C 13:1). There are two priesthoods, namely, the Melchizedek and Aaronic, D&C 107:1. The second priesthood is called the Priesthood of Aaron, D&C 107:13.

ABED-NEGO. See also Daniel

In the Old Testament, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego were three Israelite youths who, along with Daniel, were brought into the palace of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. Abed-nego's Hebrew name was Azariah. The four young men refused to defile themselves by partaking of the king's meat and wine (Dan. 1). Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego were thrown into a fiery furnace by the king but were preserved by the Son of God (Dan. 3).

ABEL. See also Adam; Cain

In the Old Testament, a son of Adam and Eve.

Offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than his brother Cain, Gen. 4:4–5 (Heb. 11:4; Moses 5:16–21). Was murdered by Cain, Gen. 4:8 (Moses 5:32). Received the priesthood from Adam, D&C 84:16. Satan plotted with Cain to murder Abel, Moses 5:28–31 (Hel. 6:27).

ABINADI. See also Martyr, Martyrdom

A Nephite prophet in the Book of Mormon.

Prophesied that God would punish the people of wicked King Noah unless they repented, Mosiah 11:20–25. Was imprisoned for prophesying the destruction of King Noah and his people, Mosiah 12:1–17. Taught King Noah's wicked priests of the law of Moses and of Christ, Mosiah 12–16. Alma the Elder believed and wrote his words, Mosiah 17:2–4. Was burned to death by King Noah, Mosiah 17:20.

ABOMINABLE, ABOMINATION. See also Sin

In the scriptures, something that causes disgust or hatred to the righteous and pure.

Lying lips are abomination to the Lord, Prov. 12:22. Pride is abominable in the sight of the Lord, Jacob 2:13–22. The wicked are consigned to a view of their own abominations, Mosiah 3:25. Unchastity is most abominable above all sins save murder and denying the Holy Ghost, Alma 39:3–5. The indignation of the Lord is kindled against their abominations, D&C 97:24.

ABOMINABLE CHURCH. See Devil–The church of the devil

ABRAHAM. See also Abrahamic Covenant

A son of Terah, born in Ur of the Chaldees (Gen. 11:26, 31; 17:5). A prophet of the Lord with whom the Lord made eternal covenants, through which all the nations of the earth are blessed. Abraham was originally named Abram.

Migrated to Haran, where Terah died, Gen. 11:31–32 (Abr. 2:1–5). Was called by God to journey to Canaan and to receive a divine covenant, Gen. 12:1–8 (Abr. 2:4, 15–17). Journeyed to Egypt, Gen. 12:9–20 (Abr. 2:21–25). Settled in Hebron, Gen. 13:18. Rescued Lot, Gen. 14:1–16. Met with Melchizedek, Gen. 14:18–20. Hagar bore his son Ishmael, Gen. 16:15–16. His name was changed to Abraham, Gen. 17:5. The Lord told Abraham and Sarah that they would have a son, Gen. 17:15–22; 18:1–14. Sarah bore his son Isaac, Gen. 21:2–3. Was commanded to sacrifice Isaac, Gen. 22:1–18. Sarah died and was buried, Gen. 23:1–2, 19. Abraham died and was buried, Gen. 25:8–10. Abraham's willingness to offer Isaac was a similitude of God and his Only Begotten Son, Jacob 4:5. Paid tithes to Melchizedek, Alma 13:15. Foresaw and testified of Christ's coming, Hel. 8:16–17. Received the priesthood from Melchizedek, D&C 84:14. The faithful become the seed of Abraham, D&C 84:33–34 (Gal. 3:27–29). Received all things by revelation, D&C 132:29. Has received his exaltation, D&C 132:29. Sought for the blessings of the fathers and for appointment unto the priesthood, Abr. 1:1–4. Was persecuted by false priests of Chaldea, Abr. 1:5–15. Was saved by the Lord, Abr. 1:16–20. Learned about the sun, moon, and stars, Abr. 3:1–14. Learned about pre-earth life and the Creation, Abr. 3:22–28.

The book of Abraham: Ancient records written by Abraham that came into the possession of the Church in 1835. The records and some mummies were discovered in Egyptian catacombs by Antonio Lebolo, who willed them to Michael Chandler. Chandler exhibited them in the United States in 1835. Some friends of Joseph Smith bought them from Chandler and gave them to the Prophet, who translated them. Some of these records are now found in the Pearl of Great Price.

Chapter 1 records Abraham's experiences in Ur of the Chaldees, where wicked priests tried to sacrifice him. Chapter 2 tells of his journey to Canaan. The Lord appeared to him and made covenants with him. Chapter 3 records that Abraham saw the universe and perceived the relationships between heavenly bodies. Chapters 4–5 are another account of the Creation.

The seed of Abraham: People who, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel of Jesus Christ, receive the promises and covenants made by God to Abraham. Men and women may receive these blessings if they are literally of Abraham's lineage or if they are adopted into his family by embracing the gospel and being baptized (Gal. 3:26–29; 4:1–7; D&C 84:33–34; 103:17; 132:30–32; Abr. 2:9–11). Literal descendants of Abraham may lose their blessings by disobedience (Rom. 4:13; 9:6–8).

ABRAHAMIC COVENANT. See also Abraham; Circumcision; Covenant

Abraham received the gospel and was ordained to the higher priesthood (D&C 84:14; Abr. 2:11), and he entered into celestial marriage, which is the covenant of exaltation (D&C 131:1–4; 132:19, 29). Abraham received a promise that all of the blessings of these covenants would be offered to his mortal posterity (D&C 132:29–31; Abr. 2:6–11). Together, these covenants and promises are called the Abrahamic covenant. The restoration of this covenant was the restoration of the gospel in the last days, for through it all the nations of the earth are blessed (Gal. 3:8–9, 29; D&C 110:12; 124:58; Abr. 2:10–11).

ABRAM. See Abraham

ACCOUNT, ACCOUNTABLE, ACCOUNTABILITY. See also Agency

The Lord has said that all people are responsible for their own motives, attitudes, desires, and actions.

The age of accountability is the age at which children are considered to be responsible for their actions and capable of committing sin and repenting.

I will judge every one according to his ways, Ezek. 18:30. They shall give account of every idle word, Matt. 12:36. Give an account of thy stewardship, Luke 16:2. Every one of us shall give an account of himself to God, Rom. 14:12. The dead will be judged according to their works, Rev. 20:12. Our words, works, and thoughts will condemn us, Alma 12:14. We are our own judges, whether to do good or evil, Alma 41:7. Ye are permitted to act for yourselves, Hel. 14:29–31. This thing shall ye teach—repentance and baptism unto those who are accountable, Moro. 8:10. All must repent and be baptized who have arrived at the years of accountability, D&C 18:42. Satan cannot tempt little children, until they begin to become accountable before me, D&C 29:46–47. Children shall be baptized when eight years old, D&C 68:27. Every man will be accountable for his own sins in the day of judgment, D&C 101:78. It is given unto men to know good from evil; wherefore they are agents unto themselves, Moses 6:56. Men will be punished for their own sins, A of F 1:2.

ACCOUNTABILITY, AGE OF. See Account, Accountable, Accountability; Baptism, Baptize—Baptism not for infants; Child, Children; Infant Baptism

ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. See also Luke

This book is the second of a two-part work written by Luke to Theophilus. The first part is known as the Gospel According to Luke. Chapters 1–12 record some of the major missionary activities of the Twelve Apostles under the direction of Peter immediately following the Savior's death and resurrection. Chapters 13–28 outline some of the Apostle Paul's travels and missionary work.

ADAM. See also Adam-ondi-Ahman; Archangel; Eden; Eve; Fall of Adam and Eve; Michael

The first man created on earth.

  Adam is the father and patriarch of the human race on the earth. His transgression in the Garden of Eden (Gen. 3; D&C 29:40–42; Moses 4)caused him to "fall" and become mortal, a step necessary in order for mankind to progress on this earth (2 Ne. 2:14–29; Alma 12:21–26). Adam and Eve should therefore be honored for their role in making our eternal growth possible. Adam is the Ancient of Days and is also known as Michael (Dan. 7; D&C 27:11; 107:53–54; 116; 138:38). He is the archangel and will come again to the earth as the patriarch of the human family, preparatory to the second coming of Jesus Christ (D&C 29:26).

God created man in his own image, Gen. 1:26–28 (Moses 2:26–28; Abr. 4:26–28). God gave man dominion over all things and commanded him to multiply and fill the earth, Gen. 1:28–31 (Moses 2:28–31; Abr. 4:28–31). God placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden and forbade them to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, Gen. 2:7–9, 15–17 (Moses 3:7–9, 15–17; Abr. 5:7–13). Adam named every living creature, Gen. 2:19–20 (Moses 3:19–20; Abr. 5:20–21). Adam and Eve were married by God, Gen. 2:18–25 (Moses 3:18–25; Abr. 5:14–21). Adam and Eve were tempted by Satan, partook of the forbidden fruit, and were cast out of the Garden of Eden, Gen. 3 (Moses 4). Adam was 930 years old at his death, Gen. 5:5 (Moses 6:12). Adam was the first man, D&C 84:16. Before his death Adam called his righteous posterity together at Adam-ondi-Ahman and blessed them, D&C 107:53–57. Adam offered sacrifice, Moses 5:4–8. Adam was baptized, received the Holy Ghost, and was ordained to the priesthood, Moses 6:51–68.

ADAM-ONDI-AHMAN. See also Adam

The place where Adam blessed his righteous posterity three years before he died (D&C 107:53–56) and where he will come before the time of the Second Coming (D&C 116).

ADMINISTRATION TO THE SICK. See also Anoint; Hands, Laying on of; Heal, Healings; Oil; Priesthood

A blessing given to the sick by men who hold the Melchizedek Priesthood, involving the use of consecrated oil.

Lay thy hand upon her, Matt. 9:18. Jesus laid his hands upon a few sick folk and healed them, Mark 6:5. Christ's Apostles anointed with oil many that were sick and healed them, Mark 6:13. The elders are to anoint and heal the sick, James 5:14–15. Ye shall not heal the sick except it be required of you by them who desire, D&C 24:13–14. Elders shall lay their hands upon the sick, D&C 42:44. Lay your hands upon the sick, and they shall recover, D&C 66:9.

ADOPTION. See also Abraham–The seed of Abraham; Children of Christ; Israel; Sons and Daughters of God

The scriptures speak of two types of adoption.

  (1) A person who is of non-Israelite lineage becomes a member of the family of Abraham and the house of Israel by having faith in Jesus Christ, repenting, being baptized by immersion, and receiving the Holy Ghost (2 Ne. 31:17–18; D&C 84:73–74; Abr. 2:6, 11).

  (2) All who have received the saving ordinances of the gospel become sons and daughters of Jesus Christ by continued obedience to his commandments (Rom. 8:15–17; Gal. 3:24–29; 4:5–7; Mosiah 5:7–8).

ADULTERY. See also Chastity; Fornication; Homosexuality; Sensual, Sensuality; Sexual Immorality

The unlawful sexual association of men and women. Although adultery generally refers to sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than his or her spouse, in the scriptures it may also refer to the unmarried.

  Sometimes adultery is used as a symbol for the apostasy of a nation or a whole people from the ways of the Lord  (Num. 25:1–3; Ezek. 16:15–59; Jer. 3:6–10; Hosea 4).

Joseph would not do this great wickedness, and sin against God, Gen. 39:7–12. Thou shalt not commit adultery, Ex. 20:14. Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery in his heart, Matt. 5:28. Neither fornicators nor adulterers shall inherit the kingdom of God, 1 Cor. 6:9–10. God will judge whoremongers and adulterers, Heb. 13:4. Adultery is most abominable above all sins save it be the shedding of innocent blood or denying the Holy Ghost, Alma 39:3–5. He that committeth adultery, and repenteth not, shall be cast out, D&C 42:23–26. If any shall commit adultery in their hearts, they shall not have the Spirit, D&C 63:14–16.

ADVERSARY. See Devil

ADVERSITY. See also Chasten, Chastening; Endure; Persecute, Persecution; Tempt, Temptation

Through adversity—trials, troubles, and distress—man can have many experiences that lead to spiritual growth and eternal progress by turning to the Lord.

God himself saved you out of all your adversities and your tribulations, 1 Sam. 10:19. They cried unto the Lord in their trouble, Ps. 107:6, 13, 19, 28. Though the Lord give you the bread of adversity, yet shall not thy teachers be removed, Isa. 30:20–21. It must needs be, that there is an opposition in all things, 2 Ne. 2:11. If they never should have bitter they could not know the sweet, D&C 29:39. Thine adversity shall be but a small moment, D&C 121:7–8. All these things shall give thee experience, and shall be for thy good, D&C 122:5–8. They taste the bitter, that they may know to prize the good, Moses 6:55.

ADVOCATE. See also Jesus Christ

Jesus Christ is our Advocate with the Father (Moro. 7:28) and pleads our cause with him.

Jesus Christ is our advocate with the Father, 1 Jn. 2:1 (D&C 110:4). Jesus shall make intercession for all, 2 Ne. 2:9 (Heb. 7:25). Jesus gained victory over death, giving him power to make intercession for the children of men, Mosiah 15:8. I am your advocate with the Father, D&C 29:5. Jesus Christ is pleading your cause, D&C 45:3–5.

AGENCY. See also Account, Accountable, Accountability; Free, Freedom

The ability and privilege God gives people to choose and to act for themselves.

Of every tree thou mayest freely eat, Gen. 2:16. Man could not act for himself save it should be that he was enticed, 2 Ne. 2:15–16. Men are free to choose liberty and eternal life or captivity and death, 2 Ne. 2:27. Ye are free; ye are permitted to act for yourselves, Hel. 14:30. A third part of the hosts of heaven turned he away because of their agency, D&C 29:36. It must needs be that the devil should tempt men, or they could not be agents, D&C 29:39. Let every man choose for himself, D&C 37:4. Every man may act according to the moral agency which I have given unto him, D&C 101:78. Satan sought to destroy the agency of man, Moses 4:3. The Lord gave unto man his agency, Moses 7:32.

AGRIPPA. See also Paul

In the New Testament, the son of Herod Agrippa I and brother of Bernice and Drusilla. He was king of Chalcis, located in the Lebanons. He listened to the Apostle Paul and was almost persuaded to be a Christian (Acts 25–26; JS-H 1:24).

AHAB. See also Jezebel

In the Old Testament, one of the most wicked and powerful kings of northern Israel. He married Jezebel, a Sidonian princess, through whose influence the worship of Baal and Ashtaroth was established in Israel (1 Kgs. 16:29–33; 2 Kgs. 3:2) and an attempt was made to do away with the prophets and the worship of Jehovah (1 Kgs. 18:13).

Reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years, 1 Kgs. 16:29 (1 Kgs. 16–22). Did evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him, 1 Kgs. 16:30. Was slain in battle, 1 Kgs. 22:29–40.

ALCOHOL. See Word of Wisdom

ALMA, SON OF ALMA. See also Alma the Elder; Amulek; Mosiah, Sons of

In the Book of Mormon, the first chief judge and prophet in the Nephite nation. In his early years he sought to destroy the Church (Mosiah 27:8–10). However, an angel appeared to him and he was converted to the gospel (Mosiah 27:8–24; Alma 36:6–27). Later he gave up his position as chief judge in order to teach the people (Alma 4:11–20).

The book of Alma: A separate book in the Book of Mormon, comprising an abridgment of the records of the prophets Alma, the son of Alma, and his son Helaman. The events depicted in the book take place from approximately 91 to 52 B.C. The book contains 63 chapters. Chapters 1–4 describe the rebellion of the followers of Nehor and Amlici against the Nephites. The resulting wars were among the most destructive to that point in Nephite history. Chapters 5–16 contain the account of Alma's early missionary journeys, including his sermon on the Good Shepherd (Alma 5)and his preaching with Amulek in the city Ammonihah. Chapters 17–27 contain the record of the sons of Mosiah and their ministry among the Lamanites. Chapters 28–44 contain some of Alma's most important sermons. In chapter 32 Alma compared the word to a seed; in chapter 36 he recounted his conversion story to his son Helaman. Chapters 39–42 record Alma's counsel to his son Corianton, who had become involved in moral transgression; this important sermon explains justice, mercy, resurrection, and the Atonement. Chapters 45–63 describe Nephite wars of that time period and migrations under Hagoth. Such great leaders as Captain Moroni, Teancum, and Lehi helped to preserve the Nephites through their courageous and timely actions.

ALMA THE ELDER

A Nephite prophet in the Book of Mormon who organized the Church in the days of wicked King Noah.

Was a priest of wicked King Noah and a descendant of Nephi, Mosiah 17:1–2. After hearing and believing Abinadi, was cast out by the king. He fled, hid, and wrote Abinadi's words, Mosiah 17:3–4. Repented and taught the words of Abinadi, Mosiah 18:1. Baptized at the waters of Mormon, Mosiah 18:12–16. Organized the Church, Mosiah 18:17–29. Arrived with his people in Zarahemla, Mosiah 24:25. Was given authority over the Church, Mosiah 26:8. Judged and led the Church, Mosiah 26:34–39. Conferred the office of high priest on his son, Alma 4:4 (Mosiah 29:42,; Alma 5:3).

ALMS, ALMSGIVING. See also Fast, Fasting; Offering; Poor; Welfare

Offerings to help the poor.

Do not your alms before men, Matt. 6:1–4 (3 Ne. 13:1–4). This poor widow hath cast more in than all they, Mark 12:41–44. It is more blessed to give than to receive, Acts 20:33–35. I would that ye should impart of your substance to the poor, Mosiah 4:26. The people of the Church should impart of their substance, every one according to that which he has, Mosiah 18:27.

ALPHA AND OMEGA. See also Jesus Christ

Alpha is the first letter in the Greek alphabet; Omega is the last. They are also names given to Jesus Christ and are used as symbols to show that Christ is both the beginning and the end of all creation (Rev. 1:8; D&C 19:1).

ALTAR. See also Sacrifice

A structure used for sacrifices, offerings, and worship.

Noah built an altar unto the Lord and offered burnt offerings, Gen. 8:20. Abram built an altar unto the Lord, Gen. 12:7–8. Abraham bound Isaac his son on the altar, Gen. 22:9 (Gen. 22:1–13). Jacob built there an altar and called the place El-beth-el, Gen. 35:6–7. Elijah built an altar and challenged the priests of Baal, 1 Kgs. 18:17–40. If thou bring thy gift to the altar, first be reconciled to thy brother, Matt. 5:23–24. I saw under the altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of God, Rev. 6:9 (D&C 135:7). Lehi built an altar of stones and gave thanks unto the Lord, 1 Ne. 2:7. Abraham was saved from death on an altar of Elkenah, Abr. 1:8–20.

AMALEKITES (Book of Mormon)

A group of Nephite apostates who led the Lamanites to battle against the Nephites (Alma 21–24, 43).

AMALEKITES (Old Testament)

An Arab tribe that lived in the desert of Paran between the Arabah and the Mediterranean. They were constantly at war with the Hebrews from the time of Moses (Ex. 17:8) to Saul and David (1 Sam. 15; 27:8; 30; 2 Sam. 8:11–12).

AMALICKIAH

In the Book of Mormon, a Nephite traitor who gained power among the Lamanites and led them against the Nephites (Alma 46–51).

AMEN. See also Prayer

Means "may it be so" or "so it is."  Amen is said to show hearty or solemn acceptance and agreement (Deut. 27:14–26) or truthfulness (1 Kgs. 1:36). Today at the end of prayers, testimonies, and talks, those who heard the prayer or message say an audible amen to indicate agreement and acceptance.

In Old Testament times, a person was to say amen when making an oath (1 Chr. 16:7, 35–36; Neh. 5:13; 8:2–6). Christ is called "the Amen, the faithful and true witness" (Rev. 3:14). Amen also served as the token of a covenant in the School of the Prophets (D&C 88:133–35).

AMLICI, AMLICITES

A man in the Book of Mormon who led a group of Nephites who desired a king during the reign of the judges. These Nephites, called Amlicites, openly rebelled against God, for which they were cursed (Alma 2–3).

AMMON, DESCENDANT OF ZARAHEMLA. See also Limhi

In the Book of Mormon, a strong and mighty man who led an expedition from Zarahemla to the land of Lehi-Nephi (Mosiah 7:1–16). He was shown ancient records, and explained what a seer is (Mosiah 8:5–18). He later helped to free King Limhi and his people from the Lamanites and bring them back to Zarahemla (Mosiah 22).

AMMON, SON OF MOSIAH. See also Anti-Nephi-Lehies; Mosiah, Son of Benjamin; Mosiah, Sons of

In the Book of Mormon, a son of King Mosiah. Ammon served as a missionary whose diligent efforts helped to convert many souls to Christ.

Was an unbeliever who sought to destroy the Church, Mosiah 27:8–10, 34. An angel appeared to him and his companions, Mosiah 27:11. Repented and began preaching the word of God, Mosiah 27:32—28:8. Refused to be named king and went instead to the land of the Lamanites to preach the word of God, Alma 17:6–9. Fasted and prayed for guidance, Alma 17:8–11. Was taken bound to King Lamoni, Alma 17:20–21. Saved Lamoni's flocks, Alma 17:26–39. Preached to Lamoni, Alma 18:1—19:13. Thanked God and was overpowered with joy, Alma 19:14. His converts never fell away, Alma 23:6. Rejoiced in being an instrument in God's hands in bringing thousands to the truth, Alma 26:1–8 (Alma 26:1–37). Led the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi to safety, Alma 27. Felt great joy in meeting his brethren, Alma 27:16–18.

AMOS.

A prophet of the Old Testament who prophesied from approximately 792 to 740 B.C. in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah, and Jeroboam, king of Israel.

The book of Amos:  A book in the Old Testament. Many of Amos's prophecies warn Israel and her neighboring nations to return to righteousness.

Chapters 1–5 call Israel and her neighboring nations to repentance. Chapter 3 explains that the Lord reveals his secrets to the prophets and that because of transgression, Israel will be destroyed by an adversary. Chapters 6–8 prophesy the downfall of Israel many years before the Assyrian invasion. Chapter 9 prophesies that Israel will be restored to her own land.

AMULEK. See also Alma, Son of Alma

In the Book of Mormon, a missionary companion of Alma, son of Alma.

Was visited by an angel, Alma 8:20; 10:7. Received Alma into his home, Alma 8:21–27. Preached with power to the people of Ammonihah, Alma 8:29–32; 10:1–11. Was a descendant of Nephi, Lehi, and Manasseh, Alma 10:2–3. Testified of truth, Alma 10:4–11. Called people to repentance and was rejected, Alma 10:12–32. Contended with Zeezrom, Alma 11:20–40. Taught of resurrection, judgment, and restoration, Alma 11:41–45. Wanted to stop martyrdom of believers, Alma 14:9–10. Was imprisoned with Alma, Alma 14:14–23. Broke free of prison bonds through faith, Alma 14:24–29. Testified of the Atonement, mercy, and justice, Alma 34:8–16. Taught about prayer, Alma 34:17–28. Encouraged people not to procrastinate repentance, Alma 34:30–41. The faith of Alma and Amulek caused prison walls to tumble, Ether 12:13.

ANANIAS OF DAMASCUS. See also Paul

A Christian disciple at Damascus who baptized Paul (Acts 9:10–18; 22:12).

ANANIAS OF JERUSALEM

In the New Testament, he and his wife, Sapphira, lied to the Lord by holding back a portion of money that they had consecrated to the Lord. When Peter confronted them, they both fell to the ground and died (Acts 5:1–11).

ANCIENT OF DAYS. See Adam

ANDREW

In the New Testament, brother of Simon Peter and one of the Twelve Apostles called by Jesus during his mortal ministry (Matt. 4:18–19; Mark 1:16–18, 29).

ANGELS

There are two kinds of beings in heaven who are called angels: those who are spirits and those who have bodies of flesh and bone. Angels who are spirits have not yet obtained a body of flesh and bone, or they are spirits who have once had a mortal body and are awaiting resurrection. Angels who have bodies of flesh and bone have either been resurrected from the dead or translated.

  There are many references in scripture to the work of angels. Sometimes angels speak with a voice of thunder as they deliver God's messages (Mosiah 27:11–16). Righteous mortal men may also be called angels (JST, Gen. 19:15). Some angels serve around the throne of God in heaven (Alma 36:22).

  The scriptures also speak of the devil's angels. These are those spirits who followed Lucifer and were thrust out of God's presence in the premortal life and cast down to the earth (Rev. 12:1–9; 2 Ne. 9:9, 16; D&C 29:36–37).

Jacob saw angels of God ascending and descending, Gen. 28:12. Angels of God met Jacob, Gen. 32:1–2. Gideon saw an angel of the Lord face to face, Judg. 6:22. An angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to destroy it, 2 Sam. 24:16. An angel touched Elijah and said to him, Arise and eat, 1 Kgs. 19:5–7. Daniel saw the angel Gabriel in a vision, Dan. 8:15–16. The angel Michael helped Daniel, Dan. 10:13. The angel Gabriel was sent from God, Luke 1:19, 26–27. The devil's angels will be reserved in chains unto the judgment, Jude 1:6 (2 Pet. 2:4). People saw angels descending out of heaven, 3 Ne. 17:24. Moroni wrote about the ministering of angels, Moro. 7:25–32. The Aaronic Priesthood holds the keys of the ministering of angels, D&C 13. Moroni, John the Baptist, Peter, James, John, Moses, Elijah, and Elias all ministered to Joseph Smith as angels, D&C 27:5–12. Ye are not able to abide the ministering of angels, D&C 67:13. Michael, the archangel, is Adam, D&C 107:54. Angels are resurrected personages, having bodies of flesh and bones, D&C 129. There are no angels who minister to this earth but those who belong to it, D&C 130:5. Men who do not obey God's law of eternal marriage neither marry nor are given in marriage; but are appointed angels in heaven, D&C 132:16–17.

ANGER. See also Love; Hate, Hatred

Anger is the display of temper. The Lord cautioned his Saints to control their anger (Matt. 5:22). Neither parent nor child should abuse others in the family. In the scriptures, anger often has the figurative image of fire (2 Ne. 15:25; D&C 1:13).

And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell, Gen. 4:5. The Lord is slow to anger, and of great mercy, Ps. 145:8. A soft answer turneth away wrath, Prov. 15:1. A wrathful man stirreth up strife, but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife, Prov. 15:18 (Prov. 14:29). For my name's sake will I defer mine anger, Isa. 48:9. I have spread out my hands unto a people that provoketh me to anger continually, Isa. 65:2–3. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also, Matt. 5:39. Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath, Eph. 6:4. Because I have told you the truth, ye are angry with me, Mosiah 13:4. I will visit this people in mine anger, Alma 8:29. Against none is his wrath kindled save those who confess not his hand in all things, D&C 59:21. I, the Lord, am angry with the wicked, D&C 63:32.

ANNA

In the New Testament, a prophetess of the tribe of Asher. At the time of Jesus' birth, she was an aged widow. She saw the infant Jesus at his presentation in the temple and recognized him as the Redeemer (Luke 2:36–38).

ANNAS. See also Caiaphas

In the New Testament, a man of great influence in the Sanhedrin. Jesus, when arrested, was first brought to him (John 18:13); he also took a leading part in the trial of the Apostles (Acts 4:3–6).

ANOINT. See also Administration to the Sick; Oil

In ancient times, the Lord's prophets anointed with oil those who would perform special duties, such as Aaron or the priests or the kings who would rule over Israel. In the Church today, to anoint is to place a drop or two of consecrated oil on a person's head as part of a special blessing. This can be done only under the authority and power of the Melchizedek Priesthood. After the anointing, a person acting by authority of that same priesthood may seal the anointing and give a special blessing to the one anointed.

Anoint them, and consecrate them that they may minister unto me, Ex. 28:41 (Lev. 8:6–12, 30). Anoint him to be captain over my people Israel, 1 Sam. 9:16; 10:1. The elders are to anoint and bless the sick, James 5:14–15 (D&C 42:44).

ANOINTED ONE. See also Jesus Christ; Messiah

Jesus is called the Christ (a Greek word) or the Messiah (an Aramaic word). Both words mean "the anointed."  He is the one anointed of the Father to be the Father's personal representative in all things pertaining to the salvation of mankind.

The Lord has anointed me, Isa. 61:1–3. He has anointed one to preach the gospel, Luke 4:16–22. Jesus was anointed by God the Father, Acts 4:27. God anointed Jesus of Nazareth, Acts 10:38.

ANTICHRIST. See also Devil

Anyone or anything that counterfeits the true gospel plan of salvation and that openly or secretly opposes Christ. John the Revelator described the antichrist as a deceiver (1 Jn. 2:18–22; 4:3–6; 2 Jn. 1:7). The great antichrist is Lucifer, but he has many assistants, both spirit beings and mortals.

The son of perdition opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God, 2 Thes. 2:1–12. He deceives them that dwell on the earth by the means of miracles, Rev. 13:13–17. Sherem denied Christ and deceived many, Jacob 7:1–23. Nehor taught false doctrines, established a church, and introduced priestcraft, Alma 1:2–16. Korihor ridiculed Christ, the Atonement, and the spirit of prophecy, Alma 30:6–60.

ANTI-NEPHI-LEHIES. See also Ammon, Son of Mosiah; Helaman, Sons of; Mosiah, Sons of

In the Book of Mormon, a name given to the Lamanites who were converted by the sons of Mosiah. After their conversion, these people, who were also called the people of Ammon, were faithful throughout their lives (Alma 23:4–7, 16–17; 27:20–27).

They took the name of Anti-Nephi-Lehies, Alma 23:16–17; 24:1. They refused to shed blood and buried their weapons, Alma 24:6–19. Their sons prepared for war and chose Helaman as their leader, Alma 53:16–19; 56–58 (these sons were also known as the 2,000 stripling warriors).

APOCALYPSE. See also Revelation of John

The book of Revelation, the last book in the New Testament; can also mean any remarkable revelation; from a Greek word meaning "revealed" or "uncovered. "

APOCRYPHA. See also Bible; Scriptures

Sacred books of the Jewish people that were not included in the Hebrew Bible but are retained in the Bibles of some Christian churches. These books are often valuable in linking the Old and New Testaments and are regarded in the Church as useful reading.

The Apocrypha are mostly translated correctly but with incorrect interpolations, D&C 91:1–3. The Apocrypha can benefit those enlightened by the Spirit, D&C 91:4–6.

APOSTASY. See also Rebellion; Restoration of the Gospel

A turning away from the truth by individuals, the Church, or entire nations.

General apostasy:  Israel had to guard against their hearts turning away from the Lord, Deut. 29:18. Where there is no vision, the people perish, Prov. 29:18. They have broken the everlasting covenant, Isa. 24:5. The winds beat upon that house, and it fell, Matt. 7:27. I marvel that ye are so soon removed unto another gospel, Gal. 1:6. They commenced in the good path but lost their way in the mist, 1 Ne. 8:23 (1 Ne. 12:17). After they had tasted of the fruit, they fell away into forbidden paths, 1 Ne. 8:28. Nephite apostasy caused a stumbling block for nonbelievers, Alma 4:6–12. Many members of the Church became proud and persecuted other members, Hel. 3:33–34 (Hel. 4:11–13; 5:2–3). When the Lord prospers his people, they sometimes harden their hearts and forget him, Hel. 12:2; 13:38. The Nephites hardened their hearts and fell under Satan's power, 3 Ne. 2:1–3. Moroni prophesied about apostasy in the last days, Morm. 8:28, 31–41. Apostasy will precede the Second Coming, D&C 1:13–16.

Apostasy of the early Christian church:  This people draw near me with their mouth, Isa. 29:10, 13. Darkness shall cover the earth, Isa. 60:2. The Lord will send a famine of hearing the words of the Lord, Amos 8:11. There shall arise false Christs and false prophets, Matt. 24:24. Grievous wolves shall enter in among you, Acts 20:29. I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him, Gal. 1:6. There will be a falling away before the Second Coming, 2 Thes. 2:3. Some people err concerning the truth, 2 Tim. 2:18. Some people have a form of godliness but deny the power thereof, 2 Tim. 3:5. The time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine, 2 Tim. 4:3–4. There will be false prophets and false teachers among the people, 2 Pet. 2:1. Certain men crept in denying the only Lord God, Jude 1:4. Some men said they were Apostles and were not, Rev. 2:2. Nephi saw the formation of a great and abominable church, 1 Ne. 13:26. The Gentiles have stumbled and built up many churches, 2 Ne. 26:20. They have strayed from mine ordinances and have broken mine everlasting covenant, D&C 1:15. Darkness covers the earth and gross darkness the minds of the people, D&C 112:23. Joseph was told that the churches were all wrong; their hearts were far from God, JS-H 1:19.

APOSTLE. See also Disciple; Revelation

In Greek, Apostle means "one sent forth."  It was the title Jesus gave to the Twelve whom he chose and ordained to be his closest disciples and helpers during his ministry on earth (Luke 6:13; John 15:16). He sent them forth to represent him and to minister for him after his ascension into heaven. Both anciently and in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the restored Church today, an Apostle is a special witness of Jesus Christ in all the world to testify of his divinity and of his resurrection from the dead (Acts 1:22; D&C 107:23).

Christ's church is built on the foundation of Apostles and prophets, Eph. 2:20; 4:11. Lehi and Nephi saw the twelve Apostles following Jesus, 1 Ne. 1:10; 11:34. Apostles are to judge the house of Israel, Morm. 3:18. Those who do not heed the words of the prophets and Apostles shall be cut off, D&C 1:14 (3 Ne. 12:1). The calling and mission of the Twelve were revealed, D&C 18:26–36. Joseph Smith was ordained an Apostle, D&C 20:2; 21:1. Apostles are special witnesses of Christ's name and bear the keys of the ministry, D&C 27:12 (D&C 112:30–32). Twelve Apostles form a quorum equal in authority to the First Presidency, D&C 107:23–24. The Twelve are a Traveling Presiding High Council, D&C 107:33. Apostles hold the keys of missionary work, D&C 107:35. Some of the duties of Apostles are described, D&C 107:58. I say unto all the Twelve: follow me, and feed my sheep, D&C 112:14–15. We believe in Apostles, A of F 1:6.

Selection of Apostles: Apostles are chosen by the Lord (John 6:70; 15:16).

Of his disciples, Jesus chose twelve Apostles, Luke 6:13–16. Matthias was chosen to be an Apostle, Acts 1:21–26. Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer were commanded to search out the Twelve, D&C 18:37–39.

ARCHANGEL. See also Adam; Michael

Michael, or Adam, is the archangel or chief angel.

The Lord shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, 1 Thes. 4:16. Michael is the archangel, Jude 1:9 (D&C 29:26; 88:112; 128:20–21).

ARK. See also Flood at Noah's Time; Noah, Bible Patriarch; Rainbow

In the Old Testament, the boat built by Noah to preserve life during the great flood.

Make thee an ark of gopher wood, Gen. 6:14. The ark rested on the mountains of Ararat, Gen. 8:4. The Jaredite barges were tight like the ark of Noah, Ether 6:7.

ARK OF THE COVENANT. See also Tabernacle

Also known as the Ark of Jehovah and the Ark of the Testimony, the Ark of the Covenant was an oblong chest or box made of wood overlaid with gold. It was the oldest and most sacred of the religious symbols of the Israelites. The Mercy Seat which formed its covering was regarded as the earthly dwelling place of Jehovah (Ex. 25:22). Upon the completion of the tabernacle, the ark was placed in the Holy of Holies, the most holy place in the structure (1 Kgs. 8:1–8).

Moses made the ark at God's command, Ex. 25. The children of Levi were charged to take care of the ark, Num. 3:15, 31. The ark of the covenant went before them, Num. 10:33. Take this book of the law, and put it in the ark of the covenant, Deut. 31:24–26. The waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant, Josh. 3:13–17; 4:1–7. Priests took the ark of the covenant in conquering Jericho, Josh. 6:6–20. Philistines captured the ark of God, 1 Sam. 5. The Lord blessed the house of Obed-edom because of the ark of God, 2 Sam. 6:11–12. Uzza was slain by the Lord when he disobediently attempted to steady the ark, 1 Chr. 13:9–12 (D&C 85:8). Build ye the sanctuary of the Lord God, to bring the ark of the covenant, 1 Chr. 22:19. The contents of the ark of the covenant are described, Heb. 9:4.

ARMAGEDDON. See also Gog; Magog; Second Coming of Jesus Christ

The name Armageddon is derived from the Hebrew Har Megiddon, meaning the "mountain of Megiddo."  The valley of Megiddo is in the western portion of the plain of Esdraelon, fifty miles (eighty kilometers) north of Jerusalem, and is the site of several crucial battles in Old Testament times. A great and final conflict that will take place near the time of the second coming of the Lord is called the battle of Armageddon because it will begin in the same locale. (See Ezek. 39:11; Zech. 12–14,especially 12:11; Rev. 16:14–21.)

ARMOR

A covering worn to protect the body from blows or thrusts of weapons. The word is also used to mean spiritual attributes that protect a person from temptation or evil.

Put on the whole armor of God, Eph. 6:10–18 (D&C 27:15–18).

ARTICLES OF FAITH. See also Pearl of Great Price; Smith, Joseph, Jr.

Thirteen basic points of belief to which members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ascribe.

  Joseph Smith first wrote them in a letter to John Wentworth, editor of the Chicago Democrat, in answer to his request to know what members of the Church believed. The letter became known as the Wentworth Letter and was first published in the Times and Seasons in March 1842. On 10 October 1880, the Articles of Faith were formally accepted as scripture by the vote of the members of the Church and were included as part of the Pearl of Great Price.

ASA

In the Old Testament, the third king of Judah. The scriptures record that his "heart was perfect with the Lord all his days" (1 Kgs. 15:14). During his reign he raised the army to a state of efficiency, threw off the Ethiopian yoke, removed the false idols, and invited the people to make a covenant to seek Jehovah (1 Kgs. 15–16; 2 Chr. 14–16). However, when he became diseased in his feet, he did not seek the Lord's help and died (1 Kgs. 15:23–24; 2 Chr. 16:12–13).

ASCENSION. See also Jesus Christ; Second Coming of Jesus Christ

The formal departure of the Savior from the earth, forty days after his resurrection. The Ascension took place from a point on the Mount of Olives in the presence of the disciples (Mark 16:19; Luke 24:51). At that time two angels from heaven testified that in the future the Lord would return "in like manner" (Acts 1:9–12).

ASHER. See also Israel; Jacob, Son of Isaac

In the Old Testament, a son of Jacob and Zilpah, Leah's handmaiden (Gen. 30:12–13).

The tribe of Asher:  Jacob blessed Asher (Gen. 49:20), and Moses blessed the descendants of Asher (Deut. 33:1, 24–29). These descendants were called "mighty men of valour" (1 Chr. 7:40).

ASK. See also Prayer

To inquire, question, or petition God for a special favor.

Ask, and it shall be given you, Matt. 7:7. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, James 1:5 (JS-H 1:7–20). Ask me in faith, 1 Ne. 15:11. If ye cannot understand these words, it will be because ye ask not, 2 Ne. 32:4. Ask in sincerity of heart, Mosiah 4:10. God doth grant unto you whatsoever ye ask that is right, in faith, Mosiah 4:21. Ask God if these things are not true, Moro. 10:4. They love darkness rather than light; therefore, they will not ask of me, D&C 10:21. Ye are commanded in all things to ask of God, D&C 46:7.

ASSYRIA

An ancient empire which, with its rival Babylon, ruled much of the old states of Syria and Palestine throughout most of Old Testament times. Even though the Assyrians were a major power from the mid-12th century B.C. until the close of the 7th century B.C., they were never able to build a stable political structure. They ruled by terror, crushing their enemies by fire and sword or weakening them by deporting large portions of a population to other parts of their empire. Their subjects never ceased to be their foes, and the whole course of the empire was marked by incessant revolts. (See 2 Kgs. 18–19; 2 Chr. 32; Isa. 7:17–20; 10; 19; 37.)

ATONE, ATONEMENT. See also Blood; Children of Christ; Cross; Crucifixion; Fall of Adam and Eve; Forgive; Gethsemane; Grace; Immortal, Immortality; Jesus Christ; Justification, Justify; Merciful, Mercy; Plan of Redemption; Redeem, Redeemed, Redemption; Remission of Sins; Repent, Repentance; Resurrection; Sacrament; Sacrifice; Salvation; Sanctification; Sons and Daughters of God

To reconcile man to God.

As used in the scriptures, to atone is to suffer the penalty for an act of sin, thereby removing the effects of sin from the repentant sinner and allowing him to be reconciled to God. Jesus Christ was the only one capable of making a perfect atonement for all mankind. He was able to do so because of his selection and foreordination in the Grand Council before the world was formed (Ether 3:14; Moses 4:1–2; Abr. 3:27), his divine Sonship, and his sinless life. His atonement included his suffering for the sins of mankind in the Garden of Gethsemane, the shedding of his blood, and his death and subsequent resurrection from the grave (Isa. 53:3–12; Mosiah 3:5–11; Alma 7:10–13). Because of the Atonement, all people will rise from the dead with immortal bodies (1 Cor. 15:22). The Atonement also provides the way for us to be forgiven of our sins and live forever with God. But a person who has reached the age of accountability and received the law can receive these blessings only if he has faith in Jesus Christ, repents of his sins, receives the ordinances of salvation, and obeys the commandments of God. Those who do not reach the age of accountability and those without the law are redeemed through the Atonement (Mosiah 15:24–25; Moro. 8:22). The scriptures clearly teach that if Christ had not atoned for our sins, no law, ordinance, or sacrifice would satisfy the demands of justice, and man could never regain God's presence (2 Ne. 2; 9).

This is my blood, shed for many for the remission of sins, Matt. 26:28. His sweat was as it were great drops of blood, Luke 22:39–44. I will give my flesh for the life of the world, John 6:51. I am the resurrection, and the life, John 11:25. Christ is the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey, Heb. 5:9. We are sanctified by the shedding of the blood of Christ, Heb. 9; 10:1–10. Christ also hath once suffered for sins, 1 Pet. 3:18. The blood of Jesus Christ cleanses us from all sin, 1 Jn. 1:7. He was lifted up upon the cross and slain for sins, 1 Ne. 11:32–33.

Redemption comes to those who have a broken heart and contrite spirit, 2 Ne. 2:3–10, 25–27. He offered himself a sacrifice for sin, 2 Ne. 2:7. The Atonement ransoms men from the Fall and saves them from death and hell, 2 Ne. 9:5–24. It must needs be an infinite atonement, 2 Ne. 9:7. Be reconciled unto God through the Atonement of Christ, Jacob 4:11. His blood atones for the sins of those who have ignorantly sinned, Mosiah 3:11–18. Man received salvation through the atonement, Mosiah 4:6–8. Were it not for the Atonement, they must unavoidably perish, Mosiah 13:27–32. He shall atone for the sins of the world, Alma 34:8–16. God himself atoneth for the sins of the world, to bring about the plan of mercy, Alma 42:11–30. I am the God of the whole earth, slain for the sins of the world, 3 Ne. 11:14. I, God, have suffered these things for all, D&C 19:16. Little children are redeemed through mine Only Begotten, D&C 29:46–47. Behold the sufferings and death of him who did no sin, D&C 45:3–5. This thing is a similitude of the sacrifice of the Only Begotten, Moses 5:7. Through the Atonement of Christ, all mankind may be saved, A of F 1:3.

AUTHORITY. See also Call, Called of God, Calling; Keys of the Priesthood; Ordain, Ordination; Power; Priesthood

The permission granted to men on earth called or ordained to act for and in behalf of God the Father or Jesus Christ in doing God's work.

I have sent thee, Ex. 3:12–15. Speak all that I command thee, Ex. 7:2. He gave the twelve disciples power, Matt. 10:1. Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, John 15:16. Nephi and Lehi preached with great authority, Hel. 5:18. Nephi, the son of Helaman, was a man of God, having great power and authority from God, Hel. 11:18 (3 Ne. 7:17). Jesus gave power and authority to twelve Nephites, 3 Ne. 12:1–2. Joseph Smith was called of God and ordained, D&C 20:2. No one shall preach my gospel or build up my Church unless he is ordained and it is known to the Church that he has authority, D&C 42:11. Elders are to preach the gospel, acting in authority, D&C 68:8. The Melchizedek Priesthood has authority to administer in spiritual things, D&C 107:8, 18–19. What is done by divine authority becomes law, D&C 128:9. Any who preach or administer for God must be called of God by those in authority, A of F 1:5.

B

BAAL. See also Idolatry

A male sun-god worshiped principally in Phoenicia (1 Kgs. 16:31) but also worshiped in different ways in various places: by the Moabites as Baal-peor (Num. 25:1–3), at  Shechem as Baal-berith (Judg. 8:33; 9:4), at Ekron as Baal-zebub (2 Kgs. 1:2). Baal may be the same as Bel of Babylon and Zeus of Greece. The word Baal expresses the relationship between a lord and his slave. The usual symbol for Baal was a bull. Ashtoreth was the goddess generally worshiped along with Baal.

Baal was sometimes combined with another name or word to indicate a connection with Baal, such as a place where he was worshiped or a person with attributes like those of Baal. Later, because Baal came to have very evil meanings, the word Bosheth replaced it in those combined names. Bosheth means "shame. "

BABEL, BABYLON. See also Nebuchadnezzar; World

The capital of Babylonia.

Babel was founded by Nimrod and was one of the oldest cities in the land of Mesopotamia, or Shinar (Gen. 10:8–10). The Lord confounded the languages at the time the people were building the Tower of Babel (Gen. 11:1–9; Ether 1:3–5, 33–35). Babylon later became Nebuchadnezzar's capital. He built an enormous city of which the ruins still remain. Babylon became a very wicked city and has since come to symbolize the wickedness of the world.

Flee out of the midst of Babylon, Jer. 51:6. Babylon will be established and will fall, Rev. 17–18. Babylon shall be destroyed, 2 Ne. 25:15. Babylon shall fall, D&C 1:16. I will not spare any that remain in Babylon, D&C 64:24. Go ye out from Babylon, D&C 133:5, 7, 14.

BACKBITING. See Evil Speaking

BALAAM

A prophet in the Old Testament who wanted to curse Israel for money. He was commanded by the Lord not to curse Israel ( Num. 22–24).

Balaam's ass refused to go forward because an angel stood in its path, Num. 22:22–35.

BALM OF GILEAD

An aromatic gum or spice used for healing wounds (Gen. 43:11; Jer. 8:22; 46:11; 51:8). A bush producing the resin from which the balm was made grew so plentifully in Gilead in Old Testament times that the balm came to be known as the "balm of Gilead" (Gen. 37:25; Ezek. 27:17).

BAPTISM, BAPTIZE. See also Born Again, Born of God; Holy Ghost; Infant Baptism; Ordinances

From a Greek word meaning to "dip" or "immerse."  Baptism by immersion in water by one having authority is the introductory ordinance of the gospel and is necessary to become a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is preceded by faith in Jesus Christ and by repentance. It must be followed by receiving the gift of the Holy Ghost in order to be complete (2 Ne. 31:13–14). Baptism by water and the Spirit is necessary before a person can enter the celestial kingdom. Adam was the first to be baptized (Moses 6:64–65). Jesus also was baptized to fulfill all righteousness and to show the way for all mankind (Matt. 3:13–17; 2 Ne. 31:5–12).

  Because all on the earth do not have the opportunity to accept the gospel during mortality, the Lord has authorized baptisms performed by proxy for the dead. Therefore, those who accept the gospel in the spirit world may qualify for entrance into God's kingdom.

Essential: Suffer it to be so now to fulfill all righteousness, Matt. 3:15. Jesus came and was baptized of John, Mark 1:9. The Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God, being not baptized, Luke 7:30. Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God, John 3:5. Repent, and be baptized every one of you, Acts 2:38. He commands all men that they must be baptized in his name, 2 Ne. 9:23–24. Men must follow Christ, be baptized, receive the Holy Ghost, and endure to the end to be saved, 2 Ne. 31. Christ's doctrine is that men should believe and be baptized, 3 Ne. 11:20–40. They who believe not on your words and are not baptized in water in my name shall be damned, D&C 84:74. God explained to Adam why repentance and baptism are necessary, Moses 6:52–60.

Baptism by immersion: Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water, Matt. 3:16 (Mark 1:10). John was baptizing because there was much water there, John 3:23. Philip and the eunuch went down  into the water, Acts 8:38. We are buried with him by baptism, Rom. 6:4 (Col. 2:12). Follow your Lord and your Savior down into the water, 2 Ne. 31:13. Alma, Helam, and others were buried in the water, Mosiah 18:12–16. And then shall ye immerse them in the water, 3 Ne. 11:25–26. The proper manner of baptism is explained, D&C 20:72–74. They were baptized after the manner of his burial, being buried in the water in his name, D&C 76:50–51. Adam was laid under the water and was brought forth out of the water, Moses 6:64. Baptism is by immersion for the remission of sins, A of F 1:4.

Baptism for remission of sins: Arise and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, Acts 22:16. After baptism comes a remission of your sins by fire and by the Holy Ghost, 2 Ne. 31:17. Come and be baptized unto repentance that ye may be washed from your sins, Alma 7:14. Blessed are they who shall believe and be baptized, for they shall receive a remission of their sins, 3 Ne. 12:1–2. Declare repentance and faith on the Savior and remission of sins by baptism, D&C 19:31. We believe in baptism by immersion for the remission of sins, A of F 1:4.

Proper authority: Go ye and teach all nations, baptizing in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Matt. 28:19 (D&C 68:8). Limhi and many of his people were desirous to be baptized, but there was none in the land that had authority from God, Mosiah 21:33. I give unto you power that ye shall baptize, 3 Ne. 11:19–21. The Aaronic Priesthood holds the keys of baptism by immersion for the remission of sins, D&C 13:1. They are they who are ordained of me to baptize in my name, D&C 18:29. John the Baptist gave Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery the authority to baptize, JS-H 1:68–69.

Qualifications for baptism: Repent ye, and be baptized in the name of my Beloved Son, 2 Ne. 31:11. Ye  must repent and be born again, Alma 7:14. See that ye are not baptized unworthily, Morm. 9:29. Teach parents that they must repent and be baptized and humble themselves, Moro. 8:10. Qualifications for those desiring baptism are set forth, D&C 20:37. Children shall be baptized for the remission of their sins when eight years old, D&C 68:25, 27.

Covenants made through baptism: Ye have entered into a covenant with him that ye will serve him and keep his commandments, Mosiah 18:8–10, 13. Those who repent, take on Christ's name, and determine to serve him shall be received by baptism, D&C 20:37.

Baptism for the dead: What shall they do which are baptized for the dead, 1 Cor. 15:29. Baptisms for the dead are performed for the remission of sins, D&C 124:29; 127:5–9; 128:1; 138:33.

Baptism not for infants: It is solemn mockery before God that ye should baptize little children, Moro. 8:4–23. Children shall be baptized when eight years old, D&C 68:27. All children who die before the years of accountability are saved in the celestial kingdom, D&C 137:10.

BAPTIST. See John the Baptist

BARABBAS

Name of the man released instead of Jesus at the time of the Crucifixion. Barabbas was an insurrectionist, a murderer, and a robber (Matt. 27:16–26; Mark 15:6–15; Luke 23:18–25; John 18:40).

BARNABAS

Name given to Joseph (also called Joses), a Levite of Cyprus, who sold his land and gave the proceeds to the Apostles (Acts 4:36–37). Though not one of the original Twelve Apostles, he did become an Apostle (Acts 14:4, 14) and served on several missionary journeys (Acts 11:22–30; 12:25; 13–15; 1 Cor. 9:6; Gal. 2:1, 9; Col. 4:10).

BARTHOLOMEW. See also Nathanael

In the New Testament, one of the original Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ (Matt. 10:2–4).

BATHSHEBA. See also David

Wife of Uriah; later, wife of David and mother of Solomon. King David committed adultery with her. He also arranged for her husband's death in battle (2 Sam. 11), which sin had eternal consequences for David (D&C 132:39).

BEATITUDES. See also Sermon on the Mount

A series of teachings that Jesus gave in the Sermon on the Mount that describe a refined and spiritual character (Matt. 5:3–12; Luke 6:20–23). The Beatitudes are arranged in such a way that each statement builds upon the one that precedes it. A more comprehensive and accurate record of the Beatitudes is found in 3 Ne. 12.

BEGINNING. See also Create, Creation; Jesus Christ; Premortal Life

Generally refers to the time before this mortal life—that is, the premortal life. Sometimes Jesus Christ is referred to as the Beginning.

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth, Gen. 1:1 (Moses 2:1). In the beginning was the Word, John 1:1. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, 3 Ne. 9:18. Christ is the beginning and the end, D&C 19:1. The new and everlasting covenant was from the beginning, D&C 22:1. Man was in the beginning with God, D&C 93:23, 29. Noble and great spirits were chosen in the beginning to be rulers, D&C 138:55. Mine Only Begotten was with me from the beginning, Moses 2:26.

BEGOTTEN. See also Born Again, Born of God; Children of Christ; Only Begotten; Sons and Daughters of God

To be born. To beget is to give birth, to procreate, or to call into being. In the scriptures, these words are often used to mean being born of God. Although Jesus Christ is the only child begotten of the Father in mortality, all people may be spiritually begotten of Christ by accepting him, obeying his commandments, and becoming new persons through the power of the Holy Ghost.

This day have I begotten thee, Ps. 2:7 (Acts 13:33; Heb. 1:5–6; 5:5). His glory was of the only begotten of the Father, John 1:14 (2 Ne. 25:12; Alma 12:33–34; D&C 76:23). God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son, John 3:16 (D&C 20:21). Christ has spiritually begotten his people, Mosiah 5:7. Those who are begotten through the Lord are the Church of the Firstborn, D&C 93:22.

BELIEF, BELIEVE. See also Faith; Jesus Christ; Trust; Unbelief

To have faith in someone or to accept something as true. A person must repent and believe in Jesus Christ in order to be saved in the kingdom of God (D&C 20:29).

Believe in the Lord your God; believe his prophets, 2 Chr. 20:20. Daniel was not hurt in the lions' den because he believed in God, Dan. 6:23. As thou hast believed, so be it done unto thee, Matt. 8:13. Whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive, Matt. 21:22. Be not afraid, only believe, Mark 5:36. All things are possible to him that believes, Mark 9:23–24. He that believes and is baptized shall be saved, Mark 16:16 (2 Ne. 2:9; 3 Ne. 11:33–35). He that believes in the Son has everlasting life, John 3:16, 18, 36 (John 5:24; D&C 10:50). We believe and are sure that thou art the Christ, John 6:69. He that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live, John 11:25–26. We who have believed do enter into rest, Heb. 4:3. Believe on Jesus Christ, and love one another, 1 Jn. 3:23. The Messiah will destroy none who believe in him, 2 Ne. 6:14. The Jews will be persecuted until they are persuaded to believe in Christ, 2 Ne. 25:16. If ye believe these things, see that ye do them, Mosiah 4:10. The Son will take upon him the transgressions of those who believe on his name, Alma 11:40. Blessed is he who believes in the word of God without being compelled, Alma 32:16. If ye can no more than desire to believe, let this desire work in you, Alma 32:27. If ye believe on Christ's name, ye will repent, Hel. 14:13. Those who believe in Christ believe in the Father also, 3 Ne. 11:35.

Never has man believed in the Lord as the brother of Jared did, Ether 3:15. Every thing that persuades to believe in Christ is sent by the power of Christ, Moro. 7:16–17. Those who believe on the Lord's words will be given a manifestation of the Spirit, D&C 5:16. Those who believe on the Lord's name will become sons of God, D&C 11:30 (John 1:12). To some it is given to believe on  others' words, D&C 46:14. Signs follow those who believe, D&C 58:64 (D&C 63:7–12). Those who believe, repent, and are baptized shall receive the Holy Ghost, Moses 6:52.

BELSHAZZAR. See also Babel, Babylon

In the Old Testament, the last king of Babylon, reigning before Cyrus conquered Babylon; the son and successor of Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 5:1–2).

BENJAMIN, FATHER OF MOSIAH. See also Mosiah, Son of Benjamin

A Book of Mormon prophet and king (Mosiah 1–6).

Dealt with serious problems in establishing peace in the land, Omni 1:23–25 (W of M 1:12–18). Taught his sons, Mosiah 1:1–8. Conferred the kingdom on his son Mosiah, Mosiah 1:9–18. His people gathered to hear his final address, Mosiah 2:1–8. Addressed his people, Mosiah 2:9—4:30. His people made a covenant with the Lord, Mosiah 5–6.

BENJAMIN, SON OF JACOB. See also Israel; Jacob, Son of Isaac

In the Old Testament, the second son of Jacob and Rachel (Gen. 35:16–20).

The tribe of Benjamin:  Jacob blessed Benjamin (Gen. 49:27). The descendants of Benjamin were a warlike race. Two important Benjaminites were Saul, the first Israelite king (1 Sam. 9:1–2), and Paul, the New Testament Apostle (Rom. 11:1).

BETHANY

The village in which Jesus Christ stayed during the last week of his mortal life (Matt. 21:17; Mark 11:11). Located on the southeast slope of Mount Olivet, Bethany was the home of Lazarus, Mary, and Martha (John 11:1–46; 12:1).

BETHEL

In Hebrew, means "house of God" and is one of the most sacred spots in Israel. It is located about ten miles north of Jerusalem. Here Abraham built his altar at the time of his first arrival in Canaan (Gen. 12:8; 13:3). Here Jacob saw in vision a ladder reaching up into heaven (Gen. 28:10–19). It was also a holy place in the days of Samuel (1 Sam. 7:16; 10:3).

BETHLEHEM

A small city located five miles south of Jerusalem. In Hebrew, Bethlehem means "house of bread " ; it is also called Ephrath, meaning "fruitful."  Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2; Matt. 2:1–8). It is the burial place of Rachel (Gen. 35:19; 48:7).

Ruth and Boaz lived there, Ruth 1:22. Samuel anointed David there, 1 Sam. 16:1–13; 17:12, 15; 20:6, 28. Herod had the children slain there, Matt. 2:16.

BIBLE. See also Apocrypha; Canon; Ephraim–The stick of Ephraim or Joseph; Judah–The stick of Judah; New Testament; Old Testament; Scriptures

A collection of Hebrew and Christian writings that contains divine revelations. The word bible means "the books."  The Bible is the work of many prophets and inspired writers acting under the influence of the Holy Spirit (2 Pet. 1:21).

  The Christian Bible has two divisions, commonly known as the Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament consists of the books of scripture used among the Jews of Palestine during the Lord's mortal ministry. The New Testament contains writings belonging to the Apostolic age and regarded as having the same sanctity and authority as the Jewish scriptures. The books of the Old Testament are drawn from a national literature extending over many centuries and were written almost entirely in Hebrew, while the books of the New Testament are the work of a single generation and were written mainly in Greek.

  In the Old Testament the word testament represents a Hebrew word meaning "covenant." The Old Covenant is the law that was given to Moses when Israel rejected the fulness of the gospel had by God's people from the beginning of mortality. The New Covenant is the gospel as taught by Jesus Christ.

  In the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) the books were divided into three groups: the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings. The Bible used by the Christian world classifies the books according to subject matter, such as historical, poetical, and prophetical.

  The books of the New Testament are generally in this order: the four Gospels and Acts; the epistles of Paul; the general epistles of James, Peter, John, and Jude; and the Revelation of John.

  The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reveres and respects the Bible and affirms also that the Lord continues to give additional revelation through his prophets in the last days that supports and verifies the biblical account of God's dealings with mankind.

The stick of Judah (the Bible) and the stick of Joseph (the Book of Mormon) will become one in the Lord's hand, Ezek. 37:15–20. The Bible's truthfulness will be established by latter-day scripture, 1 Ne. 13:38–40. The Bible will be joined by the Book of Mormon in putting down false doctrine, 2 Ne. 3:12. A Bible! A Bible! We have got a Bible, 2 Ne. 29:3–10. All who believe the Bible will also believe the Book of Mormon, Morm. 7:8–10. Elders shall teach the principles of my gospel, which are in the Bible and the Book of Mormon, D&C 42:12. We believe the Bible to be the word of God as far as it is translated correctly, A of F 1:8.

BIBLE, JOSEPH SMITH TRANSLATION (JST). See Joseph Smith Translation (JST)

BIRTH CONTROL. See also Family; Marriage, Marry

Controlling the number of children born to a couple by limiting or preventing conception.

Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, Gen. 1:28 (Moses 2:28). Children are an heritage of the Lord, Ps. 127:3–5. Lehi's family were to raise up seed unto the Lord, 1 Ne. 7:1. Marriage is ordained of God unto man, D&C 49:15–17. The exalted will receive a fulness and a continuation of the seeds forever and ever, D&C 132:19, 63.

BIRTHRIGHT. See also Covenant; Firstborn

A right of inheritance belonging to the firstborn son. In a broad sense, the birthright includes any or all rights or inheritance transmitted to a person when he is born into a family and culture.

Sell me this day thy birthright, Gen. 25:29–34 (Gen. 27:36). The firstborn sat according to his birthright, Gen. 43:33. He set Ephraim before Manasseh, Gen. 48:14–20 (Jer. 31:9). The birthright was Joseph's, 1 Chr. 5:2. Esau sold his birthright, Heb. 12:16. Ye are lawful heirs, D&C 86:9. Zion has a right to the priesthood by lineage, D&C 113:8 (Abr. 2:9–11).

BISHOP. See also Aaronic Priesthood

Means "overseer," an office or position of responsibility. Bishop is an ordained office in the Aaronic Priesthood (D&C 20:67; 107:87–88), and a bishop is a common judge in Israel (D&C 107:72, 74).

The Holy Ghost has made you overseers, Acts 20:28. Qualifications are set forth for bishops, 1 Tim. 3:1–7 (Titus 1:7). A bishop is to be ordained, D&C 20:67. Edward Partridge was to serve as a bishop unto the Church, D&C 41:9. A bishop is to discern spiritual gifts, D&C 46:27, 29. A high priest may officiate in the office of bishop, D&C 68:14, 19 (D&C 107:17). A bishop is appointed of the Lord, D&C 72:1–26. A bishop is to care for the poor, D&C 84:112. A bishop is to administer all temporal things, D&C 107:68. A bishop is president of the Aaronic Priesthood, D&C 107:87–88.

BLASPHEME, BLASPHEMY. See also Profanity; Unpardonable Sin

Speaking disrespectfully or irreverently of God or sacred things.

  Jesus was charged several times by the Jews with speaking blasphemy because he claimed the right to forgive sins (Matt. 9:2–3; Luke 5:20–21), because he called himself the Son of God (John 10:22–36; 19:7), and because he said they would see him sitting on the right hand of power and coming in the clouds of heaven (Matt. 26:64–65). These charges would have been true if he had not actually been all that he said he was. The charge brought against him by the false witnesses at the trial before the Sanhedrin (Matt. 26:59–61) was of blasphemy against God's temple. Blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, which is willfully denying Christ after having received a perfect knowledge of him, is the unforgivable sin (Matt. 12:31–32; Mark 3:28–29; D&C 132:27).

He that blasphemes the name of the Lord shall be put to death, Lev. 24:11–16. The Lord's enemies will not be left to blaspheme his name, D&C 105:15. Vengeance will come upon those who blaspheme against the Lord, D&C 112:24–26.

BLESS, BLESSED, BLESSING. See also Administration to the Sick; Grace; Law; Patriarchal Blessings; Thankful, Thanks, Thanksgiving

To confer divine favor upon someone. Anything contributing to true happiness, well-being, or prosperity is a blessing.

All blessings are based on eternal laws (D&C 130:20–21). Because God wants his children to find joy in life (2 Ne. 2:25), he grants blessings to them as a result of their obedience to his commandments (D&C 82:10), in answer to a prayer or priesthood ordinance (D&C 19:38; 107:65–67), or through his grace (2 Ne. 25:23).

A well-known list of statements about blessedness is the Beatitudes (Matt. 5:1–12; 3 Ne. 12:1–12).

General:  I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, Gen. 12:2–3 (1 Ne. 15:18; Abr. 2:9–11). Blessings are upon the head of the just, Prov. 10:6. A faithful man shall abound with blessings, Prov. 28:20. The Lord will open the windows of heaven and pour you out a blessing, Mal. 3:10 (3 Ne. 24:10). The Beatitudes promise blessings, Matt. 5:1–12 (3 Ne. 12:1–12). Blessed are they who are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb, Rev. 19:9. He that is righteous is favored of God, 1 Ne. 17:35 (Mosiah 10:13). If ye will hearken, I leave unto you a blessing, 2 Ne. 1:28. I leave unto you the same blessing, 2 Ne. 4:9. He immediately blesses you, Mosiah 2:24. The Lord blesses and prospers those who put their trust in him, Hel. 12:1. Assist to bring forth my work, and you shall be blessed, D&C 6:9. Pray always, and great shall be your blessing, D&C 19:38. Be baptized, and you shall receive my Spirit and a blessing so great as you have never known, D&C 39:10. After much tribulation come the blessings, D&C 58:4. Men obey not; I revoke and they receive not the blessing, D&C 58:32. Ye have not understood how great blessings the Father has prepared for you, D&C 78:17. From the high priesthood comes the administering of ordinances and blessings upon the church, D&C 107:65–67. There is a law upon which all blessings are predicated, D&C 130:20. All who will have a blessing at my hands shall abide the law, D&C 132:5. Blessings are held in reserve for them that love the Lord, D&C 138:52. Abraham sought for the blessings of the fathers and the right to administer the same, Abr. 1:2.

Blessing of children:  He took them up in his arms and blessed them, Mark 10:16. He took their little children, one by one, and blessed them, 3 Ne. 17:21. Elders are to bless children in the name of Jesus Christ, D&C 20:70.

BLOOD. See also Atone, Atonement; Jesus Christ; Sacrifice

Regarded by the ancient Israelites and many cultures today as the seat of life or vital energy of all flesh. In Old Testament times the Lord forbade Israel to eat blood as food (Lev. 3:17; 7:26–27; 17:10–14).

  The atoning power of a sacrifice was in the blood because the blood was regarded as essential to life. Animal sacrifice in the Old Testament was a symbol of the great sacrifice later performed by Jesus Christ (Lev. 17:11; Moses 5:5–7). Jesus Christ's atoning blood cleanses the repentant from sin (1 Jn. 1:7).

His sweat was as it were great drops of blood, Luke 22:44. We are sanctified by the shedding of the blood of Christ, Heb. 10:1–22. Blood came from every pore, Mosiah 3:7 (D&C 19:18). The Lord's blood was shed for the remission of sins, D&C 27:2. Jesus wrought a perfect atonement through shedding his blood, D&C 76:69. By the blood ye are sanctified, Moses 6:60.

BOASTING. See Pride

BOAZ. See also Ruth

Husband of Ruth (Ruth 4:9–10); great-grandfather of David, the king of Israel (Ruth 4:13–17); and progenitor of Christ, the King of Kings (Luke 3:32).

BODY. See also Death, Physical; Mortal, Mortality; Resurrection; Soul

The mortal, physical structure of flesh and bones created in God's image that is combined with a spirit to make up a living person. The physical bodies of all men and women will be reunited eternally with their spirits in the resurrection. The scriptures sometimes refer to a body and spirit joined together as a soul (Gen. 2:7; D&C 88:15; Moses 3:7, 9, 19; Abr. 5:7).

The Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, Gen. 2:7 (Moses 3:7). Handle me and see, for a spirit has not flesh and bones, Luke 24:39. I discipline my body and bring it into subjection, 1 Cor. 9:27. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body, 1 Cor. 15:44. The body without the spirit is dead, James 2:26. The mortal body will be raised as an immortal body, Alma 11:43–45. Every part of the body shall be restored, Alma 41:2. Jesus showed his resurrected body to the Nephites, 3 Ne. 10:18–19; 11:13–15. The Father has a body of flesh and bones as tangible as man's; the Son also, D&C 130:22. God created male and female in the image of his own body, Moses 6:9 (Gen. 9:6).

BOOK OF COMMANDMENTS. See also Doctrine and Covenants; Revelation

In 1833, a number of the revelations received by the Prophet Joseph Smith were prepared for publication under the title A Book of Commandments for the Government of the Church of Christ. The Lord continued to communicate with his servants, and an enlarged compilation of revelations was published two years later as the Doctrine and Covenants.

D&C 1 is the Lord's preface to the book of his commandments, D&C 1:6. The Lord challenged the wisest person to duplicate the least of his revelations in the Book of Commandments, D&C 67:4–9. Stewards were appointed to publish the revelations, D&C 70:1–5.

BOOK OF LIFE. See also Book of Remembrance

In one sense the Book of Life is the total of a person's thoughts and actions—the record of his life. However, the scriptures also indicate that a heavenly record is kept of the faithful, including their names and accounts of their righteous deeds.

The Lord will blot sinners out of his book, Ex. 32:33. He that overcomes will not be blotted  out of the book of life, Rev. 3:5. Another book was opened, which is the book of life, Rev. 20:12 (D&C 128:6–7). The names of the righteous shall be written in the book of life, Alma 5:58. Your prayers are recorded in the book of the names of the sanctified, D&C 88:2.

BOOK OF MORMON. See also Canon; Ephraim–The stick of Ephraim or Joseph; Gold Plates; Mormon, Nephite Prophet; Plates; Scriptures; Smith, Joseph, Jr.; Witnesses of the Book of Mormon

One of the four volumes of scripture accepted by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is an abridgment by an ancient prophet named Mormon of the records of the ancient inhabitants of the Americas. It was written to testify that Jesus is the Christ. Concerning this record, the Prophet Joseph Smith, who translated it by the gift and power of God, said: "I told the brethren that the Book of Mormon was the most correct of any book on earth, and the keystone of our religion, and a man would get nearer to God by abiding by its precepts, than by any other book" (see the introduction at the front of the Book of Mormon).

  The Book of Mormon is a religious record of three groups of people who migrated from the Old World to the American continents. These groups were led by prophets who recorded their religious and secular histories on metal plates. The Book of Mormon records the visit of Jesus Christ to the people in the Americas following his resurrection. A two hundred-year era of peace followed that visit of Christ.

  Moroni, the last of the Nephite prophet-historians, sealed up the abridged records of these people and hid them in about A.D. 421. In 1823, the resurrected Moroni visited Joseph Smith and later delivered to him these ancient and sacred records to be translated and brought forth to the world as another testament of Jesus Christ.

Joseph is a fruitful bough whose branches run over the wall, Gen. 49:22–26. Truth shall spring out of the earth, Ps. 85:11 (Morm. 8:16; Moses 7:62). The Lord will lift up an ensign to the nations and will hiss unto them, Isa. 5:26. A voice shall speak out of the ground, Isa. 29:4 (2 Ne. 26:14–17). The vision of all has become as the words of a book that is sealed, Isa. 29:11 (Isa. 29:9–18; 2 Ne. 27:6–26). The sticks of Joseph and of Judah shall be one in the Lord's hand, Ezek. 37:15–20. Other sheep I have, which are not of this fold, John 10:16 (3 Ne. 15:16–24). The Book of Mormon and the Bible will grow together, 2 Ne. 3:12–21. The Lord's words will hiss forth unto the ends of the earth, 2 Ne. 29:2. The Lord covenanted with Enos to bring forth the Book of Mormon to the Lamanites, Enos 1:15–16. The Book of Mormon was written for the intent that we may believe the Bible, Morm. 7:9. The Book of Mormon shall stand as a testimony against the world, Ether 5:4. Ask God if these things are not true, Moro. 10:4. Christ bore testimony that the Book of Mormon is true, D&C 17:6. The Book of Mormon contains the fulness of the gospel of Jesus Christ, D&C 20:9 (D&C 20:8–12; 42:12). We believe the Book of Mormon to be the word of God, A of F 1:8.

BOOK OF REMEMBRANCE. See also Book of Life; Genealogy

A book begun by Adam in which were recorded the works of his descendants; also any similar records kept by prophets and faithful members since that time. Adam and his children kept a book of remembrance, in which they wrote by the spirit of inspiration, and a book of the generations, which contained a genealogy (Moses 6:5, 8). Such records may well have a part in determining our final judgment.

A book of remembrance was written, Mal. 3:16–18 (3 Ne. 24:13–26). All they who are not found written in the book of remembrance shall find no inheritance in that day, D&C 85:9. The dead were judged by the books that contained the record of their works, D&C 128:7. Let us present a book containing the records of our dead, D&C 128:24. A book of remembrance was kept, Moses 6:5–8. We have a book of remembrance, Moses 6:46. Abraham endeavored to write a record for his posterity, Abr. 1:31.

BORN AGAIN, BORN OF GOD. See also Baptism, Baptize; Begotten; Children of Christ; Conversion, Convert; Natural Man; Sons and Daughters of God

To have the Spirit of the Lord cause a mighty change in a person's heart so that he has no more desire to do evil, but rather desires to seek the things of God.

I will put a new spirit within you, Ezek. 11:19 (Ezek. 18:31; 36:26). Those who believed on Christ's name were born, not of blood, but of God, John 1:12–13. Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God, John 3:3–7. We can be born again by the word of God, 1 Pet. 1:3–23. Whosoever is born of God does not continue in sin, JST, 1 Jn. 3:9. For whatsoever is born of God overcomes the world, 1 Jn. 5:4. Those who are born of Christ covenant with God, Mosiah 3:19; 5:2–7. All people must be born again; yea, born of God, Mosiah 27:25–26 (Alma 5:49). Have ye spiritually been born of God? Alma 5:12–19. If ye are not born again, ye cannot inherit the kingdom of heaven, Alma 7:14. Whosoever believes on my words shall be born of me, even of water and of the Spirit, D&C 5:16. Ye must be born again into the kingdom of heaven, Moses 6:59.

BRASS PLATES. See also Plates

A record of the Jews from the beginning to 600 B.C., containing many writings of the prophets (1 Ne. 5:10–16). This record was kept by Laban, one of the Jewish elders in Jerusalem. While Lehi and his family were in the wilderness, Lehi sent his sons back to Jerusalem to obtain this record (1 Ne. 3–4). (For further information, see "A Brief Explanation about the Book of Mormon," which is in the Book of Mormon.)

BREAD OF LIFE. See also Jesus Christ; Sacrament

Jesus Christ is the Bread of Life. The bread of the sacrament symbolically represents Christ's body.

I am the bread of life, John 6:33–58. Eat and drink of the bread and water of life, Alma 5:34. Bread is in remembrance of Christ's body, 3 Ne. 18:5–7. Bread is an emblem of Christ's flesh, D&C 20:40, 77 (Moro. 4:1–3).

BREASTPLATES. See also Urim and Thummim

The scriptures mention two types of breastplates: (1) The front part of a soldier's protective clothing or armor. In a symbolic sense, Saints should wear a breastplate of righteousness to protect themselves against evil (Isa. 59:17; Eph. 6:14). (2) An article of clothing worn by the high priest in the law of Moses (Ex. 28:13–30; 39:8–21). It was made of linen and bore twelve precious stones. It is sometimes referred to in connection with the Urim and Thummim (D&C 17:1; JS-H 1:35, 42, 52).

BRETHREN, BROTHER. See also Man, Men; Sister

As children of our Heavenly Father, all men and women are spiritually brothers and sisters. In the Church, male members and friends of the Church are often addressed as brothers.

When thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren, Luke 22:32. He who loves not his brother abides in death, 1 Jn. 3:10–17. Think of your brethren like unto yourselves, Jacob 2:17. Let every man esteem his brother as himself, D&C 38:24–25. Strengthen your brethren in all your conversations, D&C 108:7.

BRIDEGROOM. See also Jesus Christ

Jesus Christ is symbolized in the scriptures as the Bridegroom. The Church is his symbolic bride.

Ten virgins went forth to meet the Bridegroom, Matt. 25:1–13. He that has the bride is the Bridegroom, John 3:27–30. Blessed are they who are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb, Rev. 19:5–10. Be ready at the coming of the Bridegroom, D&C 33:17. Make ready for the Bridegroom, D&C 65:3.

BROKEN HEART. See also Heart; Humble, Humility; Meek, Meekness; Repent, Repentance; Sacrifice

To have a broken heart is to be humble, contrite, repentant, and meek—that is, receptive to the will of God.

I dwell with him that is of a contrite and humble spirit, Isa. 57:15. Christ offered himself for those who have a broken heart and a contrite spirit, 2 Ne. 2:7. Offer for sacrifice unto the Lord a broken heart and contrite spirit, 3 Ne. 9:20 (D&C 59:8). Only those with broken hearts and contrite spirits are received unto baptism, Moro. 6:2. Jesus was crucified for the remission of sins unto the contrite heart, D&C 21:9. He whose spirit is contrite is accepted, D&C 52:15. The Holy Spirit is promised to those who are contrite, D&C 55:3. My Spirit is sent forth to enlighten the humble and contrite, D&C 136:33.

C

CAESAR

In the New Testament, the title by which some Roman emperors were known. It is used in the scriptures as a symbol of worldly government or power.

Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, Matt. 22:21 (Mark 12:17; Luke 20:25; D&C 63:26).

CAIAPHAS. See also Annas; Sadducees

In the New Testament, a high priest and son-in-law of Annas. Caiaphas took an active part in opposing Jesus and his disciples (Matt. 26:3–4; John 11:47–51; 18:13–14).

CAIN. See also Abel; Adam; Murder; Secret Combinations

A son of Adam and Eve who slew his younger brother Abel (Gen. 4:1–16).

His offering was rejected by the Lord, Gen. 4:3–7 (Moses 5:5–8, 18–26). Killed his brother Abel, Gen. 4:8–14 (Moses 5:32–37). The Lord set a curse and a mark upon him, Gen. 4:15 (Moses 5:37–41). Adam and Eve had many sons and daughters before he was born, Moses 5:1–3, 16–17. Loved Satan more than God, Moses 5:13, 18. Entered into an unholy covenant with Satan, Moses 5:29–31.

CALEB

One of those sent by Moses to search the land of Canaan in the second year after the Exodus. He and Joshua alone brought back a true report of the land (Num. 13:6, 30; 14:6–38). They alone of all who had left Egypt survived the 40 years in the wilderness (Num. 26:65; 32:12; Deut. 1:36) and entered Canaan (Josh. 14:6–14; 15:13–19).

CALL, CALLED OF GOD, CALLING. See also Authority; Choose, Chose, Chosen (verb); Chosen (adjective or noun); Ordain, Ordination; Steward, Stewardship

To be called of God is to receive an appointment or invitation from him or his duly authorized Church leaders to serve him in a particular way.

He laid his hands upon him and gave him a charge, Num. 27:23. I ordained thee a prophet, Jer. 1:5. I have chosen you and ordained you, John 15:16. Paul was called to be an Apostle, Rom. 1:1. No man takes this honor unto himself, but he that is called of God, Heb. 5:4. Jesus was called of God after the order of Melchizedek, Heb. 5:10. I have been called to preach the word of God according to the spirit of revelation and prophecy, Alma 8:24. Priests were called and prepared from the foundation of the world, Alma 13:3. If ye have desires to serve God, ye are called, D&C 4:3. Stand fast in the work to which I have called you, D&C 9:14. You need not suppose that you are called to preach until you are called, D&C 11:15. Elders are called to bring to pass the gathering of the elect, D&C 29:7. No one shall preach my gospel or build up my Church unless he is ordained, D&C 42:11. There are many called, but few are chosen, D&C 121:34. Man must be called of God, A of F 1:5.

CALLING AND ELECTION. See also Election

Righteous followers of Christ can become numbered among the elect who gain the assurance of exaltation. This calling and election begins with repentance and baptism. It becomes complete when they "press forward, feasting upon the word of Christ, and endure to the end" (2 Ne. 31:19–20). The scriptures call this process making our calling and election sure (2 Pet. 1:4–11; D&C 131:5–6).

Ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, Ex. 19:5–6 (Rev. 1:6). God hath from the beginning chosen the elect for salvation, 2 Thes. 2:13. Give diligence to make your calling and election sure, 2 Pet. 1:10. The Lord may seal you his, Mosiah 5:15. I covenant with thee that thou shalt have eternal life, Mosiah 26:20. Faithful priesthood holders become the church and kingdom and the elect of God, D&C 84:33–34. The more sure word of prophecy means knowing that one is sealed up unto eternal life, D&C 131:5–6. I seal upon you your exaltation, D&C 132:49.

CALVARY. See Golgotha

CANAAN, CANAANITE

In Old Testament times, the fourth son of Ham (Gen. 9:22; 10:1, 6) and grandson of Noah. Canaanite refers to someone from the land where Canaan originally lived and also to his descendants. Canaanite was also a name for the people who inhabited the lowland along the Mediterranean coast of Palestine. This name was sometimes used to describe all the non-Israelite inhabitants of the country west of Jordan, whom the Greeks called Phoenicians.

CANON. See also Bible; Book of Mormon; Doctrine and Covenants; Pearl of Great Price; Scriptures

A recognized, authoritative collection of sacred books. In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the canonical books are called the standard works and include the Old and New Testaments, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. See also Murder

Punishment by death for a crime committed, especially associated with punishment for murder.

Whoso sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed, Gen. 9:6 (JST, Gen. 9:12–13). The murderer shall surely be put to death, Num. 35:16. Murderers who deliberately kill shall die, 2 Ne. 9:35. Thou art condemned to die according to the law, Alma 1:13–14. He that murdered was punished unto death, Alma 1:18. The law requires the life of him who has murdered, Alma 34:12. He that kills shall die, D&C 42:19.

CAPTIVITY. See also Free, Freedom

To be in physical or spiritual bondage.

The house of Israel went into captivity for their iniquity, Ezek. 39:23. He that leads into captivity shall go into captivity, Rev. 13:10. The wicked will be brought down into the captivity of the devil, 1 Ne. 14:4, 7. Men are free to choose liberty and eternal life or captivity and death, 2 Ne. 2:27. The will of the flesh gives the spirit of the devil power to captivate, 2 Ne. 2:29. Have you sufficiently retained in remembrance the captivity of your fathers? Alma 5:5–6. They who harden their hearts are taken captive by the devil, Alma 12:11. Watch and pray always, lest ye be tempted by the devil, and ye be led away captive by him, 3 Ne. 18:15.

CARNAL. See also Fall of Adam and Eve; Natural Man; Sensual, Sensuality

Something that is not spiritual; specifically the word may be used to mean either mortal and temporal (D&C 67:10) or worldly, fleshly, and sensual (Mosiah 16:10–12).

To be carnally-minded is death, 2 Ne. 9:39. The devil lulls men away into carnal security, 2 Ne. 28:21. They had viewed themselves in their own carnal state, Mosiah 4:2. He that persists in his own carnal nature remains in his fallen state, Mosiah 16:5. All must be born of God, changed from their carnal and fallen state, Mosiah 27:25. Mankind had become carnal, sensual, and devilish, Alma 42:10. Those who follow after their own will and carnal desires must fall, D&C 3:4. Man cannot see God with a carnal mind, D&C 67:10–12. Men began to be carnal, sensual, and devilish, Moses 5:13; 6:49.

CARTHAGE JAIL (USA). See also Smith, Hyrum; Smith, Joseph, Jr.

Joseph and Hyrum Smith were murdered by a mob on 27 June 1844 at the jail in Carthage, Illinois, United States of America (D&C 135).

CELESTIAL GLORY. See also Degrees of Glory; Eternal Life; Exaltation

The highest of the three degrees of glory that a person can attain after this life. Here the righteous will dwell in the presence of God the Father and his Son Jesus Christ.

The glory of the celestial is one, 1 Cor. 15:40 (D&C 76:96). Paul was caught up to the third heaven, 2 Cor. 12:2. Celestial glory was shown in vision, D&C 76:50–70. If Saints desire a place in the celestial world, they must prepare, D&C 78:7. He who is not able to abide the law of a celestial kingdom cannot abide a celestial glory, D&C 88:15–22. In the celestial glory there are three heavens; conditions are set forth for attaining the highest, D&C 131:1–2. Children who die before the age of accountability are saved in the celestial kingdom, D&C 137:10.

CELIBACY. See Marriage, Marry

CENTURION

An officer in the Roman army in command of a company of 50 to 100 men. Such a company formed one sixtieth part of a Roman legion. (See Matt. 8:5; Luke 23:47; Acts 10:1–8.)

CHARITY. See also Compassion; Love; Service; Welfare

The pure love of Christ (Moro. 7:47); the love that Christ has for the children of men and that the children of men should have for one another (2 Ne. 26:30; 33:7–9; Ether 12:33–34); the highest, noblest, strongest kind of love, not merely affection.

Knowledge puffs up, but charity edifies, 1 Cor. 8:1. Charity, a pure love, excels and exceeds almost all else, 1 Cor. 13. The end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, 1 Tim. 1:5. Add to brotherly kindness charity, 2 Pet. 1:7. The Lord has commanded that all men should have charity, 2 Ne. 26:30 (Moro. 7:44–47). See that ye have faith, hope, and charity, Alma 7:24. The love that the Lord has for men is charity, Ether 12:33–34. Without charity men cannot inherit that place prepared in the Father's mansions, Ether 12:34 (Moro. 10:20–21). Moroni wrote Mormon's words on faith, hope, and charity, Moro. 7. Charity qualifies men for the Lord's work, D&C 4:5–6 (D&C 12:8). Clothe yourselves with the bond of charity, D&C 88:125. Let thy bowels be full of charity, D&C 121:45.

CHASTEN, CHASTENING. See also Adversity

Correction or discipline given to individuals or groups in order to help them improve or become stronger.

Despise not the chastening hand of the Almighty, Job 5:17 (Prov. 3:11). Blessed is the man whom thou chastens, O Lord, Ps. 94:12. All scripture is given for reproof, for correction, 2 Tim. 3:16. The Lord chastens those whom he loves, Heb. 12:5–11. The Lord sees fit to chasten his people, Mosiah 23:21–22. Except the Lord chasten his people, they will not remember him, Hel. 12:3. The Lord did talk with the brother of Jared, and chastened him, Ether 2:14. They were chastened that they might repent, D&C 1:27. Whom I love I also chasten that their sins may be forgiven, D&C 95:1. All those who will not endure chastening cannot be sanctified, D&C 101:2–5. My people must needs be chastened until they learn obedience, D&C 105:6. He that will not bear chastisement is not worthy of my kingdom, D&C 136:31.

CHASTITY. See also Adultery; Fornication; Sensual, Sensuality; Virtue

Sexual purity of men and women.

Joseph resisted the advances of Potiphar's wife, Gen. 39:7–21 (D&C 42:24; 59:6). Thou shalt not commit adultery, Ex. 20:14. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband, Prov. 12:4 (Prov. 31:10). Know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost? 1 Cor. 6:18–19. Be thou an example in purity, 1 Tim. 4:12. No unclean thing can dwell with God, 1 Ne. 10:21. For I, the Lord God, delight in the chastity of women, Jacob 2:28. Sexual sin is an abomination, Alma 39:1–13. Chastity and virtue are most dear and precious above all things, Moro. 9:9. We believe in being chaste, A of F 1:13.

CHERUBIM

Figures representing heavenly creatures, the exact form being unknown. Cherubim have been called to guard sacred places.

The Lord placed cherubim to keep the way of the tree of life, Gen. 3:24 (Alma 12:21–29; 42:2–3; Moses 4:31). Symbolic representations of cherubim were placed on the mercy seat, Ex. 25:18, 22 (1 Kgs. 6:23–28; Heb. 9:5). Cherubim are mentioned in the visions of Ezekiel, Ezek. 10; 11:22.

CHILD, CHILDREN. See also Account, Accountable, Accountability; Atone, Atonement; Bless, Blessed, Blessing–Blessing of children; Family; Infant Baptism; Salvation–Salvation of children

A young person, one who has not yet reached puberty. Fathers and mothers are to train their children to obey God's will. Children are without sin until they reach the age of accountability (Moro. 8:22; D&C 68:27).

Children are a heritage from the Lord, Ps. 127:3–5. Train up a child in the way he should go, Prov. 22:6. Suffer little children, and forbid them not to come unto me, Matt. 19:14. Obey your parents, Eph. 6:1–3 (Col. 3:20). Without the Fall, Adam and Eve would have had no children, 2 Ne. 2:22–23. Teach children to walk in truth and soberness, Mosiah 4:14–15. Little children have eternal life, Mosiah 15:25. Jesus took the little children and blessed them, 3 Ne. 17:21. All thy children shall be taught of the Lord, and great shall be the peace of thy children, 3 Ne. 22:13 (Isa. 54:13). Little children do not need repentance or baptism, Moro. 8:8–24. Little children are redeemed from the foundation of the world through mine Only Begotten, D&C 29:46–47. Parents should teach children gospel principles and practices, D&C 68:25, 27–28. Children are holy through the atonement of Christ, D&C 74:7. Parents are commanded to bring up their children in light and truth, D&C 93:40. Children who die before the age of accountability are saved in the celestial kingdom, D&C 137:10.

CHILDREN OF CHRIST. See also Begotten; Born Again, Born of God; Jesus Christ; Sons and Daughters of God

Those who have accepted the gospel of Jesus Christ.

Whosoever shall humble himself as this little child is greatest, Matt. 18:1–4. Believe in the light that ye may be the children of light, John 12:36. Put off the natural man and become as a child, Mosiah 3:19; 27:25–26. Because of the covenant ye shall be called the children of Christ, Mosiah 5:7. If ye will lay hold upon every good thing, ye certainly will be a child of Christ, Moro. 7:19. As many as received me, gave I power to become my sons, D&C 39:4. Fear not, little children, for you are mine, D&C 50:40–41. Thou art one in me, a son of God, Moses 6:68.

CHILDREN OF GOD. See Man, Men; Sons and Daughters of God

CHILDREN OF ISRAEL. See Israel

CHOICE. See Agency; Choose, Chose, Chosen

CHOOSE, CHOSE, CHOSEN (verb). See also Agency; Call, Called of God, Calling; Free, Freedom

When the Lord selects, or chooses, an individual or group, he usually also calls them to serve.

Choose you this day whom ye will serve, Josh. 24:15 (Alma 30:8; Moses 6:33). I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction, Isa. 48:10 (1 Ne. 20:10). Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, John 15:16. God has chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, 1 Cor. 1:27. He has chosen us before the foundation of the world, Eph. 1:4. We are free to choose liberty and eternal life or captivity and death, 2 Ne. 2:27. Noble and great ones were chosen in the beginning, D&C 138:55–56. Israel was chosen by God, Moses 1:26. Abraham was chosen before he was born, Abr. 3:23.

CHOSEN (adjective or noun). See also Call, Called of God, Calling

Those selected by God for special responsibilities.

I have made a covenant with my chosen, Ps. 89:3. Many are called, but few are chosen, Matt. 22:14 (Matt. 20:16; D&C 95:5; 121:34, 40). The Saints are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, 1 Pet. 2:9. Christ was God's Beloved and Chosen from the beginning, Moses 4:2.

CHRIST. See Jesus Christ

CHRISTIANS. See also Disciple; Saint

A name given to believers in Jesus Christ. Although this term is commonly used throughout the world, the Lord has designated true followers of Christ as Saints (Acts 9:13, 32, 41; 1 Cor. 1:2; D&C 115:4).

The disciples were called Christians, Acts 11:26. If any man suffer as a Christian, let him not be ashamed, 1 Pet. 4:16. Because of the covenant ye shall be called the children of Christ, Mosiah 5:7. True believers were called Christians by those who were not members of the Church, Alma 46:13–16.

CHRONICLES

Two books in the Old Testament. They give a short history of events from the Creation to the proclamation of Cyrus allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem.

First Chronicles: Chapters 1–9 list genealogies from Adam to Saul. Chapter 10 chronicles the death of Saul. Chapters 11–22 trace the events associated with the reign of David. Chapters 23–27 explain that Solomon was made king and the Levites were set in order. Chapter 28 explains that David commanded Solomon to build a temple. Chapter 29 records David's death.

Second Chronicles: Chapters 1–9 trace the events associated with the reign of Solomon. Chapters 10–12 tell of the reign of Solomon's son Rehoboam, during which the united kingdom of Israel was divided into the northern and southern kingdoms. Chapters 13–36 describe the reigns of various kings until the capture of the kingdom of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar. The book ends with Cyrus's decree that the captive children of Judah could return to Jerusalem.

CHRONOLOGY

The following chronology, or list of events, is not comprehensive and is meant only to give the reader a sense of the sequence of events in biblical and Book of Mormon times:

Events in the days of the early patriarchs: (Because of the difficulty in determining exact dates for the events in this section, dates are not given.)

B.C. (or B.C.E.-Before Common Era)

4000           Adam fell.

                  Enoch ministered

                  Noah ministered; the earth was flooded.

                  The Tower of Babel was built; the  Jaredites traveled to the Promised  Land.

                  Melchizedek ministered.

                  Noah died.

                  Abram (Abraham) was born.

                  Isaac was born.

                  Jacob was born.

                  Joseph was born.

                  Joseph was sold into Egypt.

                  Joseph appeared before Pharaoh.

                  Jacob (Israel) and his family went down  to Egypt.

                  Jacob (Israel) died.

                  Joseph died.

                  Moses was born.

                  Moses led the children of Israel out of  Egypt (the Exodus).  

                  Moses was translated.

                  Joshua died.

                  After Joshua died, the period of the judges began, the first judge being Othniel and the last Samuel; the order and dates of the rest are very  uncertain.

                  Saul was anointed king.

Events of the United Kingdom of Israel:

1095           Saul's reign began.

1063           David was anointed king by Samuel.

1055           David became king in Hebron.

1047           David became king in Jerusalem; Nathan  and Gad prophesied.

1015           Solomon became king of all Israel.

991             The temple was finished.

975             Solomon died; the ten northern tribes  revolted against Rehoboam, his son, and  Israel was divided.

Events of Israel:

975             Jeroboam was king of Israel.

875             Ahab ruled in Samaria over northern  Israel; Elijah prophesied.

851             Elisha worked great miracles.

792             Amos prophesied.

790             Jonah and Hosea prophesied.

721             The Northern Kingdom was destroyed; the ten tribes were taken into captivity; Micah  prophesied.

Events of Judah:

949             Shishak, king of Egypt, plundered  Jerusalem.

740             Isaiah began to prophesy. (Rome was  founded; Nabonassar was king of Babylon in 747; Tiglath-pileser III was king of  Assyria from 747 to 734.)

728             Hezekiah was king of Judah. (Shalmaneser IV was king of Assyria.)

642             Nahum prophesied.

628             Jeremiah and Zephaniah prophesied.

609             Obadiah prophesied; Daniel was carried  away captive to Babylon. (Nineveh fell  in 606; Nebuchadnezzar was king of  Babylon from 604 to 561.)

598             Ezekiel prophesied in Babylon; Habakkuk  prophesied; Zedekiah was king of Judah.

587             Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem.

Events in Book of Mormon History:

600             Lehi left Jerusalem.

588             Mulek departed from Jerusalem for the  promised land.

588             Nephites separated themselves from the  Lamanites (between 588 and 570).

400             Jarom received the plates.

360             Omni received the plates.

148             Abinadi was martyred; Alma  reestablished the Church among the  Nephites.

124             Benjamin gave his final speech to the  Nephites.

100             Alma the Younger and the sons of Mosiah  began their work.

91               The reign of the judges began among the  Nephites.

5                Samuel the Lamanite prophesied of  Christ's birth.

A.D. (or C.E.)